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These are classified as "increasing pulmonary blood flow", "decreasing pulmonary blood flow" or "obstruction to systemic blood flow"
Defects
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This is a type of heart defect where a "right-to-left" shunt delivers deoxygenated blood to the body
Cyanotic heart disease
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This is a type of heart defect wherein if the blood shunts left to right, then oxygenated blood from the left side mixes with blood in the right side of the heart and goes back to the lungs again
Acyanotic heart disease
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This occurs when the fetal shunt, ductus arteriosus, fails to close after several days of life
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
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a patent ductus arteriosus is confirmed by
echocardiogram
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this defect produces a systolic murmur noted at the 2nd intercostal space, left upper sternal border, or out to the left clavicular area. this can also cause rales, congestion, increased WOB, difficulty feeding, or failure to thrive
patent ductus arteriosus
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medical management of patent ductus arteriosus
diuretic such as furosemide
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this is prescribed in infants with HF, due to a PDA, to facilitate closure
indomethacin (given in 3 separate IV doses)
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surgical closure of a PDA is done via
left-sided thoracotomy incision
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this occurs when a portion of the atrial septal tissue does not completely form
atrial septal defect
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the most common
center of the atrial septum
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