A _____ is a device that cannot interrupt a fault current but instead opens a circuit while the upstream multishot device has the circuit de-energized.
C) sectionalizer
A combination of electromotive force (volts) and current (amperes) is a measure of the rate of work being done. The unit of work is a _____ (1 volt X 1 ampere).
A) watt
Poly-phase metering refers to energy metering on more than one-phase service. A lineman normally refers to it as _____ metering.
C) three-phase
Power transformers in a transmission substation raise the voltage from the generation voltage to transmission levels.
True
Crawl spaces under the house and in attics shall be entered with care, because of the hazards that bumps cuts and falls.
True
Transmission lines are usually constructed for ______ and capability reasons.
D) economic
A _______ is the safest way to open a solid-blade or fused cutout.
A) load-bust tool
Next to lightning, ______ is (are) the most common cause of outages in an electrical system.
D) tree contact
Power transformers in substations change the _____ levels to permit interconnecting of the generators and circuits forming the electrical system.
C) voltage
Lenz's Law determined that any current that flows as a result of an induced voltage will flow in the direction to oppose the action that cause the voltage to be induced.
True
Coal at the present time is the most commonly used nuclear fuel.
False
A human body does have enough resistance to prevent fatal current flow through it when contact is made with primary voltage.
False
Lightning arresters and fuses are installed on distribution circuits to minimize _______.
A) customer outages
Underground conductors are insulated by a rubber or polyethylene covering. The insulation needs to be well protected because even a little damage will cause the voltage (pressure) to stress the damaged location and will eventually cause a short circuit in the cable.
True
Because people may have made contact with a 120-volt source and were not hurt, they mistakenly think that 120 volts will not hurt them; however, there are _________ when contact is made with that voltage.
B) fatalities
A residential 120/ 240 volt house service would consist of _____ conductor(s).
D) 3
According to ANSI-IEEE Standard 84.1, the electric distribution supplier must maintain steady state voltage +/- __% of the nominal voltage.
D) 5%
While performing tree clearance, do not rely on tools and procedures that prevent limbs, trees, and workers from making contact
False
Pruning and removing trees, especially near energized circuits, is high-risk work. This work should be reserved for
A) trained arborists
A set of conductors energized at voltages over _____ volts and transmitting large blocks of energy over relatively long distances is called a transmission circuit or transmission line.
C) 69,000
Tall-growing trees can interfere or block microwave-beam paths whose signals are used in monitoring and controlling the status of the system and operating switchgear.
True
An arc is more probable when opening than when closing a switch. It is the interruption of current that causes an arc.
True
When the voltage of a circuit is in doubt, reference can always be made to a _______.
B) nameplate of an existing transformer
Residential consumers have very similar usage patterns, so that a _____ can cover the fixed costs without much error.
A) minimum charge
A current coil in a meter is made up of a _____ number of turns of _____ wire
A) small, large
B) large, small
A) small, large
When connecting an A-base meter under energized conditions, it is critical to connect the current in _______
A) parallel
B) series
B) series
When a circuit is faulted, or short-circuited, all the _____ which the electrical system is able to supply to the faulted location goes to that fault.
C) current
When current passes through a resistance in a circuit, ______ is released.
D) heat
The key component distinguishing a conventional transformer and a CSP is the lack of _____ in the conventional model.
C) internal fusing
Small distribution transformers usually installed on overhead circuits are often referred to as ______ transformers.
B) pole-type
An electronic recloser has a low- voltage supply which must be in service to closer the recloser.
True
If a streetlight stays on 24 hours a day, you should replace ______.
C) photoelectric device (Photocell)
To _____ a circuit or apparatus, means to connect it to earth.
D) ground
In the Line Trade, amperage checks are frequently made because an improper voltage is the first indication that something is wrong.
False
A _____ hitch will allow the rope to slide through it, but can be snubbed with very little pull.
D) munter
Pressure is needed to overcome resistance, which impedes current flow in a circuit. Resistance or impedance is measured in _________
A) ohms
One gigawatt (GW) =
A) 1000MW
A load-break elbow can be pulled from a load bushing with a live-line tool to interrupt a _____ amp load current.
D) 200
Impedance is another term for the opposition to current flow.
True
The amount of resistance offered by a conductor depends on the conductor's size and length.
True
_____ starting of a saw can be done safely only from the outside of the bucket of an aerial device.
B) Drop
One method of tree-climbing fall protection is the _____ method.
A) belay
The low-voltage wires that connect to the secondary main conductors and extend to the customer's service entrance are called _____
C) services
The nonreclose feature does not prevent an accident from occurring and does not guarantee that the circuit will trip out during an accident. When set in a nonreclose position, the recloser does not operate faster than normal.
True
Trimming only the limbs that are growing towards the powerline is known as ______.
D) directional pruning
Resistance is measured in _____.
C) Ohms
The wires extending from the distribution transformer to customers meter are called a ______.
A) service
Only transformers with the same polarity can be connected in parallel.
False
A _____ means that the utility must generate, transmit, transform, and distribute extra power to supply the inductive load.
A) low power factor
The electric facilities connecting the transmission system to the customer's equipment are called the ______.
A) distribution system
Air is ionized when electrons in orbit around the atoms are displaced because of being stressed by voltage.
True
The electrons of good conducting material, such as _______, are dislodged fairly easily.
D) copper or aluminum
There is not a difference of potential between the hands and feet of a person working on a tree that is in contact with an energized line.
False
The transformer nameplate provides necessary information to complete connections.
True
The fissioning process is maintained and controlled by the _____.
B) reactor
Additive polarity is standard for all single-phase transformers _____ and below having high-voltage ratings of 9000volts and below.
D) 200 kVA
The voltage where a tree makes contact with the line will be at _____
A) full-line voltage
An ammeter check can be made to confirm that no _____ is on a circuit before opening a nonload-break disconnect switch.
B) load
When electrical current meets resistance, _____ is produced.
D) heat
Subtractive polarity is standard for all single-phase distribution transformers above 200 kVA irrespective of voltage rating.
True
In the lines trade, the terms _____ and megavolt-ampere (MVA) are used when discussing power.
D) kilovolt-ampere (kVA)
In a sub-station, stand on a _____ that is bonded to the steel structure to ensure that the operator's feet and hands will be at the same potential if things go wrong.
A) ground gradient grid or mat
Service neutrals should never be grounded at the customer’s service entrance.
False
Peak demand for power tends to occur on _____ at the time of the evening meal.
D) the hottest and coldest days of the year
Harmonics are alternating current and voltage waveforms with frequencies that are multiples of the system frequency.
True
The standard taps available are on the primary windings of the transformer and are designed to raise or lower the winding turns in steps of _____ of the rated voltage.
A) 2.5%
In an electric utility circuit, reactive current makes up the bulk of the total impedance of a circuit.
False
A disconnect switch is any solid-blade switch that provides operating capability to isolate, sectionalize or transfer loads at strategic locations.
True
Ionization of air means that the air has become charged with atoms and that the air is changed from being an insulator to being a conductor.
True
What is the minimum working distance while tree trimming around 13.2 kV?
C) 2'1"
Brush is woody vegetation and is defined as _____ in diameter and is growing under a powerline.
B) 4-6 inches
Removing a tree that is leaning heavily on a powerline (during an outage ) or communications cable is a particularly unpredictable operation, and the tree should be pulled off by _______.
D) mechanical means
The quality of electrical service does not require that a customer's voltage is kept within an acceptable range.
True
The amount of power used over time measured in kilowatt-hours is _____.
A) energy
The longer the path through which the current has to flow and the higher the resistance of that path, the _____ the current.
A) lower
B) higher
A) lower
A meter that can be installed without the use of a current or potential transformer is known as _____
B) self-contained
It is better to have a substation circuit breaker open and drop an entire circuit, than to have a fuse blow and loose a small number of customers.
False
The Loadbubuster can open load current of up to ______
A) 900 Amps
If a power line worker makes contact with a live conductor while not in contact with any second point of contact, there _____ be a current flow through the body.
B) cannot
The _____ is the unit used to measure the rate of electrical current flow.
A) ampere
If a lamp goes on and off in a continuing cycle, there could be a ballast-to-lamp mismatch.
True
Trees growing near powerlines are a(n) _____ hazard to the public.
A) electrocution
A S-base meter is plugged into a meter base which has been prewired to match the lugs of the meter to be installed. The meter is usually installed with the top incoming lugs_______
C) energized
Thoroughly secure the ladder to an unmovable object, or have it held by another employee.
True
When removing large branches or limbs, you should make an undercut then _____
D) a second cut from the top just past the undercut
Insulators have a number of curves or skirts along their surface. This increases the length of the path that current has to flow to ground. Increasing the size of an insulator increases its resistance and allows it to withstand a higher _____
C) voltage
When AC current flows into a coil, there is additional opposition to current flow caused by inductive reactance.
True
In the line trade, _____ checks are frequently made because an improper voltage is the first indication that something is wrong.
C) voltage
An electrical utility is responsible for large tracts of land, and _____ require property owners to control noxious weeds and erosion.
A) regulatory agencies
All materials are made up of atoms. Each atom has a nucleus, and each nucleus has electrons in orbit around it in the same way the planets orbit the sun.
True
To measure the amount of potential voltage that is available in a circuit, a _____ is used.
B) voltmeter
During storms, energized conductors that are knocked down by tree damage are _____
D) extremely dangerous to the public
Peak demand and/or warm temperatures can cause a long span of transmission to sag an additional _____
C) 10-20 feet
Diversity in a circuit refers to the normal situation in which everyone on the circuit is not using the furnace, air conditioner, appliances, or water pumps at the same time.
True
As with all transformers, the _____ of an instrument transformer must be known and marked on the transformers.
D) polarity
A multiplier equal to the turns ratio of the transformer calculates the actual voltage of the circuit being measured. For example, a 4,800/120V PT has a multiplier of_____
B) 40:1
The highest fault current is near the source of the circuit, such as close to a substation or secondary conductors close to the _____
B) transformer
The single- phase distribution transformer consists of a primary winding and a secondary winding wound in a _____ core.
C) laminated steel
When it rains and water flows on clean insulators, the _____ of the insulator is not reduced substantially.
B) resistance
If the meter installation is protected on the source side by the customer's main switch, _____ the switch before installing or removing the meter.
B) open
A potential meter inside the meter measures the _____ in a service.
A) voltage
A _____ can be installed in series with the primary winding of a distribution transformer to prevent violent transformer failures as a result of an internal fault.
B) current limiting fuse
Powerline workers are exposed to high voltages, safe contact with high voltage circuits can only be made when the resistance between the circuit and a person is high enough to prevent _____
A) current flow
When current flow is in the opposite direction in the primary and secondary terminals, the polarity of the transformers is additive.
True
Overhead conductors are generally bare and insulated from other object by porcelain glass or _____ insulators.
B) polymer
Some sources of renewable energy are _____
B) solar heat, wind, waves and tides
Radiation, measured in millirems, is present _________.
D) everywhere
Sub transmission circuits will serve as a source for _____ substations.
C) distribution
A voltage check with a zero reading between _____ and the neutral will confirm that the service is not fed from another source.
B) L1 & L2
_____ is a current, or flow of electrons.
B) Electricity
In an electronic recloser, temporarily switching the ground trip switch to the block position will prevent a small ground _____ from tripping out the circuit.
B) current
Earth resistance testers or insulation testers are called _____.
C) meggers
One way to ensure that a customer will pay for all the energy use is to meter the apparent energy. A _____ meter is used when a customer is being billed for apparent energy.
A) VAR-hour
A load-break elbow can be pulled from a load bushing with a live-line tool to interrupt a _____ amp load current.
A) 200
An electromechanical meter relies on a _____ being turned in the same way that an electric motor turns an armature.
A) disk
A generating station is a plant in which the energy of coal, oil, natural gas, water, or atom is changed into electrical energy.
True
Pad-mount transformers are safer for the lineman to install and maintain, and they reduce the hazard to the public.
True
The windings of distribution transformers can be manufactured with various taps to broaden the range of _____ suitable for a given installation.
C) primary voltage
Installing the distribution feeder circuits underground near the substations eliminates multiple circuits on the pole lines adjacent to the substations, improving the _____ of the substations and surrounding facilities.
A) appearance
To measure the maximum rate at which electricity was used and can be measured as kW, kVA, kVAR, we use _____.
C) demand metering
Geopressured systems use _____ located deep in deposits of sand and sealed off from the surface of the earth by shale.
D) hot water
Fissioning occurs when a neutron strikes the nucleus of an atom with enough force to _____ the nucleus.
B) split
Mercury-vapor, high-pressure sodium, and fluorescent bulbs should be replaced as a group every _____ years.
D) 5
Most residential and smaller businesses are supplied with a _____ service.
C) single-phase
The function of a distribution _____ is to reduce primary voltage to the voltage level required by the customer.
D) transformer
Before current will flow through a human body, it must enter the body at one contact point and leave the body at another contact point that is at a _______.
A) the same potential
B) a different potential
B) a different potential
The term ground used in electrical work refers to the _____ as the zero potential.
A) earth
The transferring of electrons from one atom to the next is electrical _____. In other words, electrical _____ is the flow of electrons.
A) current
The Electrical systems in the United States and Canada are independent of each other.
False
The risk of an arc is low when load is broken with a hot-line clamp.
False
A socket-connected meter (S-base) is plugged into a meter base that has been pre-wired to match the _____ of the meter to be installed.
A) lugs
Transmission lines can be overhead or underground.
True
The transformer tank is grounded and _____ to the Primary and secondary common neutral ground wire.
D) connected
The capacity of a distribution transformer is determined by the amount of current it can carry continuously at a rated voltage without exceeding the design _____.
C) temperature
Commercial loads are usually serviced by an individual transformer, or a three- phase transformer bank.
True
Inductive reactance, capacitive reactance, and resistance provide the total impedance to _____ in a circuit.
D) current flow
Occupational safety regulations do not allow an unqualified person to come within _____ of a distribution circuit.
C) 10 feet
As the load increases on a circuit, there is an increase in the _____ drop.
A) voltage
All distribution transformer tanks and _____ conductor(s) of all transformer secondary circuits should be grounded to protect to protect life and property.
B) one
_____ in a conductor causes electrical energy to be converted into heat.
C) Resistance
Distribution feeder circuits typically have _____ installed at strategic locations. These can be used for redirecting power flow, load balancing, or sectionalizing.
A) switches
Circuit breakers including _____ and metal-clad breakers can interrupt fault current and lock out on a permanent fault.
D) distribution reclosers
The current that leaves the source must make a complete "circle" and return to the _____.
D) source
Most generating stations in the U.S. and Canada produce _____.
B) AC at 60Hz
In an electronic recloser, the _____ in the control box can open and close the recloser.
A) main operating switch
A transformer is a device constructed of windings used to transfer alternating- current electric power by electromagnetic _____.
B) induction
The conductors for a distribution feeder circuit originate at the terminals of the _____ in a distribution substation.
C) circuit breaker
The overhead primary circuits normally connect to the distribution feeders circuits through _____.
B) fused cutouts
If the distribution transformer has a two-wire (bushing) secondary, either of the two wires can be grounded.
True
In some areas of large cities, it is not practical or permissible to build overhead transmission or distribution circuits. They must be installed underground.
True
The relationship between volts, amps, and ohms is expressed in an equation known as _____.
D) Ohm's law
Resistance is measured with a(n) _____.
D) ohmmeter
The energized installation of a self-contained meter on services more than 240V should be _____.
B) avoided
Nuclear plants do not discharge _____ and particulates into the atmosphere.
C) sulfur dioxide (SO2)
Branch circuits tap to the main distribution feeder circuits through high-voltage fuses commonly known as _____.
D) cutouts
With the source side energized, and the customer's disconnect open, there should be no voltage present between _____.
C) S1 or S2 and L1 & L2
An uncontrollable electrical flash can occur when a socket-based meter is removed _____.
B) under load
One megawatt (MW) =
A) 1000kW
For a residential customer, the minimum charge saves a utility the extra expense of installing _____ to track actual demand.
D) demand meters
A load-interrupter switch is not capable of dropping load and quenching an arc.
False
Utility conservation programs try to _____ by having reduced rate structures during off-peak hours.
B) reduce peak loads
Circuit breakers in substations serving as a source to distribution circuits are actuated by protective relays that recognize _____ on a circuit.
B) short circuits and grounds
The lineman or groundmen should stand directly under a transformer while mounting it to help guide it onto the pole.
False
Generating units driven by internal-combustion diesel engines are usually in remote areas, small towns, and sites requiring standby or _____.
C) emergency power
When the rate of work is at 1 kilowatt and it lasts 1 hour, the quantity of electricity used is measured in _____.
C) Kilowatt-hours
If a streetlight lamp goes out and back on again when it shouldn't and continues this cycle, the bulb is fine and should be kept in service.
False
When a cutout is opened with a switch stick, the cutout is operated like a regular isolating disconnect switch that has _____ capability.
D) no arc-extinguishing
Transmission substations located near generating stations provide a means to change the _____ to the appropriate magnitude to transmit the power the required distance.
A) voltage
Electrical current is measured with a(n) ______
C) ammeter
One kilowatt (kW) =
D) 1000W
The distribution feeder circuits leaving the substation serve as a source to branch or primary circuits and are often referred to as distribution main-feeders or _____ circuits.
B) express feeder
Conductance is the same as resistance.
False
Subtractive polarity is standard for all single-phase transformers 200 kVA and below having high-voltage ratings above _____.
D) 9000 volts
Corrosion problems and the high cost of installation have minimized the use of _____ transformers.
A) submersible
The customer who uses the power 24 hours a day has a _____ load factor and is billed at a lower rate.
C) higher
Switchgear in a(n) _____ system is operated in confined areas where any arc could easily spill over to grounded cabinets or other phases.
C) underground distribution
The lineman can stand on the transformer or other grounded devices to work on the energized circuits.
False
The three kinds of measured electrical power are _____.
C) real, apparent, and reactive power
Wind-propelled turbines are constructed with _____ rotor blades and a horizontal-axis turbine generator.
B) propeller
An internal protective link fuse, commonly installed in self-protected transformers, has an unlimited interrupting rating and can be depended on to prevent catastrophic failure of the transformer.
False
In an AC circuit, the flow of current is impeded by _____ as well as resistance.
D) reactance
A flashlight in good working order shall always be available; if no flashlight is available, matches or a cigarette lighter are acceptable.
False
Industrial or commercial customers frequently have large _____ that the utility must supply.
B) inductive loads
Water will greatly _____ the resistance of any dirty surface.
A) reduce
B) increase
A) reduce
Three single-phase pole-type transformers cannot be cluster-mounted to provide three-phase power.
False
High _____ can stress any insulation and cause it to fail.
A) voltage
Distribution circuits radiate from distribution substations to supply the customer's load.
True
Transformers constructed to reduce the _____ down to the customer's utilization voltage are commonly referred to as distribution transformers.
C) primary voltage
All the properties of an arc can be hazardous including ultraviolet light, molten metal and shrapnel and arc temperatures up to _____.
B) 35,000F/ 20,000C
The bulk of the electric energy produced in the US is generated using what method?
C) Fossil- Fuel
It is _____ for a utility to charge a higher rate to a remote cabin than to a home on a residential street.
B) reasonable
If a streetlight lamp is flickering continuously, it is probably approaching the end of its life and should be replaced.
True
A common voltage, such as 120 volts, is a high enough potential to drive a fatal current through a person's body
True
Single-phase pole or overhead- type transformers can be used to obtain three- phase secondary service.
True
Single primary bushing transformers can be on delta primary systems.
False
The coil- and- core assembly of the distribution transformer is completely immersed in an insulating oil to keep the operating temperatures low and to provide additional insulation for the _____.
A) windings
When an ohmmeter is hooked to two different wires and the meter reads "zero," then there is no resistance between the two wires and they must be completely isolated or insulated from each other.
False
Tap changers on distribution transformers are designed to be operated while the transformer is energized and under full load.
False
The power transformers in the substations change the sub transmission voltage to lower levels and provide a source for the _____ circuits extending short distances to the customer's premises.
C) distribution
Using a kilowatt demand meter and a kilovolt-ampere demand meter is one way to measure _____ during peak demand.
A) power factor
The positive charge of the nucleus and the negative charge of the electrons keep the electrons in orbit and keep the electrical charge of the atom neutral.
True
No apprentice shall work disaster, storm damage, or emergency work until their ___ six months or beyond.
A) 4th
A disconnect switch without a load interrupter is not designed to interrupt any load. It may have a rating of 600 amps, but that refers to the load it can carry _____.
D) continuously
An energized single phase fused disconnect (a cutout) should only be opened with a _____.
D) loadbreak tool
The measurement for instantaneous power by a customer is _____.
B) demand
Steam turbines are fueled by _____.
A) fossil and nuclear
When a switch with a handle is operated by someone standing on the ground, an insulator failure can cause the frame of the switch and structure to become energized.
True
Power transformers can change the transmission system load from one level to another and the transmission load to sub transmission levels.
False
A utility can control voltage, but it cannot control the load current because load current is based on customer demand.
True
When trying to restore power, especially during peak load periods, a fuse or breaker will sometimes trip out even though the cause of the original outage has been fixed. This is known as _____.
D) Cold Load Pickup
If you lived next door to a nuclear power station, you would receive _____ of additional radiation annually.
D) less than 5 millirems
The low-voltage secondary circuit is _____ to guard against an excessive voltage being impressed from an external source.
C) grounded
Catastrophic electrical burns are immediately apparent by visibly blackened skin where _____ the body.
D) contact was made and where current leaves
Voltage is supplied by the customer, and load current is drawn by the power utility.
False
The maximum rate of consumption by a customer during a billing period is known as _____.
B) peak demand
A customer's power factor can be measured as the power factor during peak demand or as the power factor of the _____ used.
D) total energy
After skin resistance breaks down, there will be much less resistance through the internal organs of the body. The internal resistance of a body ranges between _____ ohms.
A) A100-400
When current flow is in the same direction in the primary and secondary terminals, the polarity of the transformer is subtractive.
True
A standard kilowatt-hour meter measures real power, which is equal to _____.
C) volts x amperes x hours x 1000
The nuclear fission process is used to produce _____ in the nuclear reactor.
C) heat
When working on a distribution transformer, the secondary should be completed last to eliminate the danger of _____.
B) back feed
Locating the generation station near major electrical loads _____ and may reduce investment in the transmission and distribution equipment.
D) improves reliability
In most cases, a three-phase transformer is basically three _____ in a single tank.
D) single-phase transformers
Lightning arresters are designed to bypass electrical surges on the circuits, protecting insulators and equipment from overvoltages.
True
The distribution transformer should be installed as near as possible to the center of the load area.
True
An electronic meter measures the _____ and potential going through it without any moving parts.
D) current
Most electric energy is generated at a voltage in a range of _____ volts.
D) 13200 – 24000
Energy consumption is the _____ used by a customer.
A) Volts x Amperes
Intermediate-voltage lines or circuits that transmit AC from transmission substations to distribution substations are called _____ circuits.
B) sub transmission
Commercial and light industrial customers normally require a three- phase service.
True
An electronic sectionalizer is a device that fits into a cutout in the same manner as a fuse chamber.
True
Most voltmeters are rated up to _____ volts.
C) 750
_____ substations are located at generating stations and at switching points in the transmission system.
A) Transmission
Some customers buy power at a transmission, subtransmission, or distribution voltage. The utility uses _____ for revenue metering.
D) primary metering
Branch circuits may be overhead or underground. They are often referred to as _____.
C) primaries
Central generating stations have come into existence because they are _____ and uneconomical for every user of power to generate electricity.
