BIO 100 Lab Mid Term

thin piece of glass

5

responsible for carrying oxygen throughout your body

integral part of your body's immune system

play critical role in blood clotting

the process by which scientists logically evaluate the validity of an observation or answer a question

to allow other scientists the opportunity to validate these contributions

a process by which scientists will isolate or manipulate one or more variables and carefully observe the consequences of this manipulation

an explanation for a particular observation or phenomenon

any factor, trait, or parameter than can exist in differing amounts, types, or states

a variable that is isolated, manipulated, or changed by the scientist

any variable that remains unchanged

a variable that changes as a consequence of the manipulation of the independent variable; anything that changes as a result of the experimentation

the group which is exposed to all of the conditions of the experiment except what is being changed

the group which is exposed to all of the conditions of the experiment plus the independent variable

the measurements of variables

has a discrete and measurable value

is not measure and is more descriptive in nature

relies on the same consistent value for each basic unit

the system the U.S. uses for measurement

based on the metric system and is universally accepted

• - all organisms are composed of one or more cells
• - the cell is the most basic unit of structure and organization in organisms
• - all cells come from pre-existing cells

• - plasma membrane
• - cytoplasm
• - DNA
• - RNA
• - ribosomes

• relatively simple in structure in that they are defined by the plasma membrane; single celled organisms
• - kingdom bacteria
• - kingdom archaea

• structurally complex
• - contains organelles

• - kingdom fungi
• - kingdom plantae
• - kingdom animalia
• - kingdom protista

disease causing

when some archaea and bacteria can convert inert, unusable atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia (a more readily accessible and usable form of nitrogen)

bacteria, fungi, plantae

what the tough cell wall of a fungi is made out of

what a plant cell wall is made out of

storage organelle of a plant

photosynthetic organelles

an ensemble of differentiated cells that work together to carry out a specific function

• very large molecules that are formed from smaller subunits
• - proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates

the bulk of the solid matter of any organism

any molecules that are generally composed of long chains of linked carbon atoms, peppered with associated hydrogen atoms

a molecule that is insoluble in water

used as long term energy storage molecule

• "healthy" fats
• - exist as liquids

"unhealthy" fats

made by heating unsaturated vegetable oils in the presence of hydrogen gas and a catalyst

come in forms such as sugars, fibers, and starches

• - simple sugars
• - single sugar molecules like glucose and fructose

the universal biological fuel

molecules composed of two simple sugars

glucose storage in plants

glucose storage in animals

used to build plant cell walls

the movement of molecules from a space of high concentration to a space of low concentration

the diffusion of water across biological membranes

higher concentration of solutes

lower concentration of solutes

equal solute concentration

molecules containing Hydrogen and Carbon

organisms that can synthesize their own organic fuels

organisms that need organic molecules to grow, but have to consume them to get them

when glucose enters your cells and is rapidly broken down into two smaller fragments

C6H12O6

the most efficient way to extract the energy in pyruvate, which require oxygen

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6H2O + Energy (ATP)

what animal tissues will undergo when there is insufficient amounts of oxygen to continue running aerobic respiration

C6H12O6 = 2C2H5O (ethyl alcohol) + 2CO2 + Energy(ATP)