a collection of all the units from which the data is to be collected
population
A ________ in a population is also called an element of the population.
unit
A characteristic (usually numeric) that describes a population
population parameter
A subset or representative part of the population
sample
a characteristic that describes a sample is called
sample statistic
A listing of all the elements in a population
frame
The process of gathering information for all the units in the population
census
When only a part of the population is used to collect data, the process is called ___________ or ___________________.
sampling, sample survey
A branch of science that deals with the development of methods for a more effective way of collecting, organizing, presenting, and analyzing data
Statistics
The measures or characteristics which describe a variable of a sample are called __________, while ____________ is a characteristic of a population.
statistics, population
______________ refers to the procedures and techniques used from the collection of data to the proper presentation and analysis of the results.
Statistical Methods
_____________ refers to the development of formulas used in the computation and development of scientific procedures that constitute the basis of the statistical methods.
Statistical Theory
2 major areas of statistics
Descriptive Statistics
Inductive/Inferential Statistics
Statistics, in a plural sense, can mean the data itself or some numerical computations derived from a set of data. True or False?
True
_____________ summarize data to make sense or meaning of a list of numerical values. It does not attempt to draw conclusions about anything that pertains to more than the data themselves.
Descriptive Statistics
______________ is concerned with making generalizations for a bigger group of observations called population-based information gathered from a small group of observations or sample drawn from the given population.
Inductive/Inferential Statistics
the basic element of a statistical analysis
data
2 types of data
Quantitative Data
Qualitative Data
data that can be expressed in numbers
Quantitative Data
____________ are those data from which no numerical measures exist and are usually expressed in categories or kind.
Qualitative Data
the characteristics or properties measured from objects, persons or things
variables
Variables can either be ___________ or __________.
discrete, continuous
___________ variables can be counted, thus assume a value which is a whole number.
Discrete
____________ are variables that can be measured using some of the units of measurements, which may take some decimal numbers.
Continuous variables
the process of assigning a number or a numerical value to a characteristic of the object that is being measured
Measurement
The properties of numbers
identity
order
additivity
___________ is the property of a number that enables a person to distinguish one number from the other and are used for classification purposes only.
Identity
_______ refers to the way the numbers are arranged in a sequence.
Order
____________ is a property that allows us to add numbers.
Additivity
4 scales of measurement
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
_____________ measurements possess only the property of identity and do not possess the properties of order and equality of scales.
Nominal
_____________ measurements possess the properties of both identity and order but not the equality of scale property.
Ordinal
_____________ measurements possess the properties of identity, order and equality of scale but do not have the property of absolute zero.
Interval
_____________ measurements possess the properties of identity, order, equality of scales and absolute zero; the highest form of measurement