Melaina anatomy 1

Hold bones together at the joint

Attach muscle to bone - supports movement

cells that actively produce and secrete the organic components of bones matrix

like construction workers for bones, secreting hormones and regulate sugar metabolism

cells function to keep the bone matrix healthy, trapped in lacunae

maintenance crew of the building

cells responsible for reabsorption of bone, break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid (dissolves mineral components of matrix) and lysolmal enzymes (digest organic components)

bone such as femur or humerus that is markedly longer than it is wide- generally serves as a lever

not markedly longer than it is wide, such as bones in ankle or wrist

bone with platelike shape, such as parietal bone or sternum

such as vertebrae or some in skull

articulations form a connection between bones

a layer of fibrous connective tissue covering the surface of a bone

membrane lining the inner surface of the bony wall

a layer of fibrous connective tissue covering the surface of hyaline or elastic cartilage

soft spots on an infants head- permits the bones to shift as infants move through the birth canal, these close by intramembranous ossification

portion of the skill that encloses the cranial cavity and protects the brain

bones function to protect the brain

protection of brain and other organs

gives structure

back of mouth palate

upper jaw, holds upper teeth, supports nose

the palatine & maxilla forms the roof of the mouth

one of a kind! No bony articulations, attachment for muscles 

(tongue, larynx, mandible)

transmission & amplify sound

smallest bone in human body

produces RBC, located in spongy bone & medullary cavity

• turns into fatty  tissue (yellow bone marrow)
• produces RBC in emergencies

made mostly of fat and contains stem cells that can become cartilage, fat or bone cells

hard, stiff, thin layer that surrounds all bones in the human body.

• structure and support
• storage for minerals (calcium)

• calcified & hard 
• has spongy appearance
• spaces filled with bone marrow
• surrounded by compact bone

aka "Soft spot"

bone develops directly from mesenchyme NOT cartilage

• example: some bones of skull, clavicles
• (like building a house from raw materials - ex: babies head flexibility during childbirth)

bone develops from cartilage 

ex bones at base of skull

the process of bone formation

occurs at periosteum of diaphysis

occurs at the epiphyseal plate (growth plate)

epiphyseal line appears when growth stops

• connected to nasal cavity
• lined by a mucous membrane filled with air
• They lighten the anterior portion of the skull and act as chambers that add resonance to the voice

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• cervical (neck) -7
• thoracic-12
• lumbar - 5
• sacrum-5
• coccyx- 3-5

G-shaped curve of an infants spine

as you grow, the bodies center of gravity balances

since the cervical and lumbar curves have formed,  you have the secondary curvature

scoliosis- a sideways curvature that makes the spine appear s-shaped or c-shaped from the back

kyphosis - an abnormally rounded upper back

lordosis (Swayback)- an inward curve at the lower back

a calcified connective tissue

made up of protein, collagen minerals and calcium

yes.  They contain various types of tissue

sutural - extra bones in skull

bones, cartilage, ligaments, connective tissue

Support, movement, protection, blood formation

Bones that form within certain tendons (stress response)

Hyaline - most abundant, weaker, supports through flexibility & resilience

Elastic - similar to hyaline, contains many elastic and cartilage fibers- VERY flexible

Fibro - unusual tissue, resists both strong compression & tension (Pulling forces)

points of attachment for muscles and ligaments

holes or depressions for the passage of nerves and vessels