Pumping and aerial apparatus

The ??? Is the core unit of the fire service and is sometimes expected to fill roles such as rescue hazmat or ems.

NFPA 1901 requirements on pumper design, specified a minimum pump capacity of ? Gpm And a tank capacity of at least ? Gallons

Pump capacities larger than 750 gpm increase in increments of ?

NFPA ? Specifies the minimum portable equipment that must be carried on all fire dept pumpers

Small fire apparatus mounted on a pick up truck sized chassis usually with a pump having a rated capacity less than ? Gpm. It’s primary advantage is speed and mobility.

Apparatus size between a mini pumper and a full size Fire Dept. pumper usually with a gross vehicle weight of ? Pounds or greater. The ? Has a fire pump with a rated capacity generally not greater than ? GPM.

Mobile water supply apparatus, locally known as tenders or tankers, are equipped with a tank capacity of at least ? Gallons

Standard for Wildland fire apparatus

Standard for aircraft rescue and fire fighting vehicles

ARFF apparatus sometimes divided into three categories

A ? Is an apparatus equipped with a fire pump water tank and hose in addition to an aerial device and ground ladders

According to NFPA 1901 a quint must have a pump rated at minimum of ? Gpm and a tanks of at least ? Gallons

Inverters are typically used to power ?

? Are the most common power source for emergency services

Portable generators are available with different power capabilities ? watts is topically the largest capacity

Vehicle mounted generators have capacities up to ? Watts

Rescue apparatus may feature fixed generator systems with ? Watts or greater

Portable lights range from ?-? Watts

Fixed light banks mounted on booms generally have capacities of ?-? Watts per light

NFPA ? Standard for automotive fire apparatus

NFPA ? Standard for emergency vehicle technician professional qualifications

NFPA ? Requires that driver operators be skilled in the performance of certain maintenance tests

For serious issues or items meeting the NFPA ? “Out of service” criteria immediate actions must be taken

NFPA 1911 requires that all fires be replaced every ? Years

When an overload condition occurs the load monitor will shut down less important electrical component to prevent the over load.

In general steering wheel play should be less than ? Degrees in either direction

The weight of an empty fire apparatus fresh off the assembly line with no equipment

Per NFPA 1901 and 1911 a side to side variance in weight should not exceed ? %

Apparatus with air brakes are to be equipped with air pressure protection valve that prevents air horns of other non essential devices from being operated when air pressure drips below ? Psi

Standard for inspection maintenance testing and retirement of in service automotive fire apparatus

NFPA ? Standard for driver operator professional qualifications

NFPA ? Standard for Firefighters professional qualifications

In order to meet the intense of NFPA 1002, candidates must have completed a ? Or equivalent

NFPA ? Standard on comprehensive occupational medical program for fire depts

The most common place for a collision

Loss of braking function due to excessive use of the brakes

NFPA 1500 says when loading hose drive the apparatus only in a forward direction straddling or along side the hose at a speed no greater than ? Mph

A hot engine should cool to normal operating temp. Usually an idle time of ?-? Minutes is sufficient

It may take ?-? Greater stopping distance on ice or snow

At speeds above ? Mph apparatus may outrun the effective range of its audible warning devices.

Increasing the speed of an apparatus by 20 mph can decrease the audible distance by ?

Preemptive devices may be adjusted to activate from distances of several hundred feet up to ?. Intersections with these devices will have a ? White and blue light facing the direction of travel

The time needed to stop the app or perform an evasive maneuver at the current rate of speed.

The distance the vehicle travels from the time the brake is applied to the time the vehicle comes to a stop.

The sum of the drivers reaction distance and the braking distance

The distance traveled while the driver transfers his foot from accelerator to brake pedal

Two common types of skidding

NFPA 1901 requires all app with a gvwr of ? Or greater be equipped with an auxiliary braking system

4 types of aux brakes to aid the foundation brakes in slowing the vehicle:

Least capable of the 4 aux braking devices

Tire chains may be ineffective in snow deeper that ?

DCDL

When backing preposition lights to illuminate the area where the spotters will stand ( approx ?-?) behind the app

All Firefighters performing spotting duties should be wearing what?

Sound ? Short horn blasts immediately before backing

Spotters will stand ?-? Behind and slightly off to the side. Drivers side recommend with only one spotter

Spotters should use ?? Motions for all hand signals

NFPA ? Standard for fire and emergency service vehicle operations training program

Maintain a speed of ? Mph or less when laying a line. At ? Mph ? Feet of hose is pulled out per second.

Per NFPA 1901 any equipment not needed while driving must be secured in brackets or cabinets. The brackets or cabinets must be able to restrain the equipment against a force up to ? Times the equipments weight.

High pressure hydraulic fluid at pressures as low as ? Can penetrate skin. Use a piece of wood or cardboard when checking for leaks.

One exception to the uphill rule when positioning apparatus is ?

Apparatus equipment and personnel operating within ? Of the base of a high rise fire may need to be protected from falling glass and debris.

In certain instances the ?? Method of apparatus placement may be used to position pumping and Ariel apparatus

If a building is less than ? Stories tall the attack pumper is positioned on the side of the street closest to the building and the aerial is positioned “outside” the pumper allowing it to reach over top to access the roof.

If a building is more than ? Floors tall the aerial will be positioned ? And the pumper positioned ?

Drivers should position pumpers providing supply for elevated stream operations how?

In order to supply a fdc most efficiently a pumper should position how?

Dry hydrants installed must be a maximum of ? Below water surface. ? Above the floor of the water source. And ? Out from the bank. Pumped connections must be a minimum of ? Off the ground

A good way to minimize the chance of intake hose kinking is to put ?????

Operations where a strong hydrant is used to supply two pumpers by connecting them intake to intake

Short relay operation which pumper taking water from supply source pumps to the intake of the second pumper. The second pumper then boosts pressure even higher

In tandem pumping operations apparatus may be located up to ? Apart

?? Is generally used to increase the volume of water available at a scene. ?? Is most often used to increase pressures.

NFPA ? Standard for inspection care and use of fire hose couplings nozzles and the service testing of fire hose

Pressure supplied to fire hose should not exceed?

In Wildland fires performing structure protection position the apparatus on the ?? Of the structure

Level ? Staging- often used in multi unit responses of 2 or more units. When initial officer arrives on scene and has no orders for incoming units and has them stage typically a block away

Level ? Staging- used on large scale incidents where a larger number of fire companies and agencies respond

This area serves as the primary point outside the incident area to which responding units report and receive initial orders for action. May be co located with the IC post.

Location at which the primary incident management logistics functions are coordinated and administered. There is only one per incident

Also called the restricted, exclusion, and red zone. The area closest to the release of hazard materials

Also called limited access zone or yellow zone. May be considered safe for personnel to briefly enter without protective clothing.

Zone used to provide support for operations at hazmat. Location for decontamination of personnel and equipment

Also called the support or green zone, is the area wheee all incident support functions are conducted

It may take ?? For a fully loaded train to completely stop

Apparatus should maintain a clear zone of ??? From railroad tracks

Boiling point of water

Water can/cannot be seen I. It’s vapor form?

Waters weight per cubic foot and per gallon

Water may be used to smother fires in flammable liquids with a specific gravity ?

Water expands ? Times when converted to steam

1 cubic foot of water weighs

I cubic meter of water weighs

Principle of pressure used in hydrostatic testing

Mercury is ? Times denser than water

Atmospheric pressure at sea level is

The notation for an actual atmospheric pressure reading is ?

The psi above a perfect vacuum is ?

10 PSIG (pound per square inch guage) at sea level is ? PSIA ( pound per square inch absolute)

Any pressure less than atmospheric pressure is called ?

An absolute 0 pressure is called ??

? Refers to the height of a water supply above the discharge orfice

To convert head in feet to head in pressure you must divide the number of feet by ?

The number of feet 1 psi will raise 1 square inch of a column of water

The water flow definition of ?? Is stored potential energy available to force water through pipes fittings hose and adapters

The portion of the total available pressure not used to overcome friction loss or gravity while forcing water through pipes

Use a ?? And guage to measure the forward velocity of flow pressure

The pressure losses due to gravity are called ?

Altitude impacts on production of fire steams is of little impact between sea level and approximately?

Above sea level atmospheric pressure decreases aapproximately ? Psi per ? Ft

The friction loss in older hose may be as much as ?% greater than that of new hose

Velocity is proportional to ?

As flow doubles friction loss increases by ? Times

A pressure of ? Psi is required to compress water by 1%

An open fire hose with no nozzle attached is called ?

When velocity exceeds the limits at which a stream can travel the friction will be so great that the entire system becomes agitated by resistance causing a degree of turbulence this is called ?

A hydrant that receives water from only one direction

At least how often should valves know water mains be operated?

Valves in private fire protection systems are usually ? Type valves

2 common indicating valves

Most common type of valves used in most public water distribution systems

Control valves in water distribution systems are generally ? Valves

The ??? Is the maximum total amount of water used in a 24 hr period over the course of ? Years

The fire service uses 3 types of nozzles to produce 3 basic fire streams. ???

Solid dreams on hand lined should be generally operated at ? Psi on hand lines and ? Psi on materstreams

Formula for discharge rate of a solid stream nozzle

?? Streams are produced by deflecting water around an inside circular stem in the nozzle

?? Nozzles break water into finely divided particles by driving several jets of water together at an angle

Most constant flow nozzles are designed to operate at ?psi however some may operate at ?&?psi

High pressure fog nozzles operate at pressure up to ? Psi with a flow rate of ?-? Gpm and best suited for Wildland fires

Generally ? GPM is the max flow rate for a handline

Masterstream nozzles are generally operated at ? Psi smooth bore and ? Psi fog

3 basic types of masterstream appliances

Movement of ladder pipes is limited to ?

Some varieties of cellar nozzles are referred to as ?

Piercing nozzles are often referred to as ? Nozzles and are commonly used on aircraft automobile fires or to apply water to voids such as attics

Nozzle generally designed as ?-?’ Hollow steel rod ?” In diameter

Nozzle lowered through an opening to the cellar of an occupancy

An impinging jet nozzle used on piercing nozzles is capable of flowing ? Gpm at ? Psi

Supplied by booster hose a ? Nozzle consists of a solid piece of brass or steel with small impinging holes flowing only ?-? Gpm at ? Psi

Nozzle reaction formula for solid stream nozzles

Nozzle reaction formula for fog nozzles

In formulas for calculating nozzle reaction (NR) Q stands for ?

In formulas for calculating friction loss Q is what?

Formula for friction loss

How to determine number of GPM of water (Q) is flowing

It is assumed that there is a 0 psi FL for masterstreams if flow is less than ? Gpm

Add ? Psi loss for each appliance (other than masterstreams) in a hose assembly when flowing ? Gpm or greater

Ass a friction loss of ? Psi for all masterstreams

Formula to find elevation pressure loss

To accommodate larger volumes of water and keep friction loss rates reasonable 2 or more parallel hose lines may be laid. These lines may be brought together with a ? At a point close to the fire

When 2 hose lines of equal length are siamesed to supply a fire stream friction loss is approximately ?% than that of a single hosed one at the same nozzle pressure

Add ? Psi for appliance loss when using a Siamese flowing more than 350 gpm

When considering pressure loss in an elevated waterway assume loss of ? Psi for the waterway and master stream device then add elevation loss.

Pump discharge formula

Total amount of pressure being discharged by a pump

Actual amount of pressure being produced by a pump. Difference between the intake pressure and discharge pressure

Formula for Net Pump Discharge Pressure

Mechanical device installed in a discharge line that senses the amount of water flowing and provides a read out in gpm

Based on NFPA 1901 every discharge equipped with a flow meter must have a pressure gauge as well. Flow meters must display flow in increments of ? Gpm or less

Two most common flow meters in fire service

A calibrated flow meter should be accurate to a tolerance of plus or minus? %

Each discharge with a flow meter must have a digital readout within ? Of the control valve. If the pressure gauge is mounted in the ? Location then the flow meter must be within ? Adjacent to the pressure gauge

Condensed Q formula for 3”

Condensed Q formula for 4”

Condensed Q formula for 5”

When relay pumping intake pressure should not be allowed to fall below ? Psi

When using the condensed Q method FL results will be ?% greater than using the FL = CQ^2L formula

FL in 2&1/2” hose increases 1 psi for every ?gpm increased in flow

FL in 1&1/2” hose is equal to FL in 2&1/2” hose flowing ? Times as much gpm