Health and Human Sac 1 Chapter 1

The best possible state of an individual's health and wellbeing for their age.

The overall state of a person's physical, mental, social, emotional, and spiritual existence and is characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged.

The state of being happy, healthy, and contented.

A state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

The experience of feeling unwell or being in poor health, often due to disease or injury.

• Influenced by personal opinion and feelings. 
• Example - some people suffer from chronic disease yet consider themselves healthy.

• Ever changing (in response to environment and experience)
• Example - someone might be experiencing a positive state of health and then get an injury.

• Physical MESS
• (Physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual health and wellbeing)

Relates to the functioning of the body and its systems. Includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks. Factors - regular physical activity, consuming a balanced diet, appropriate sleep, absence of injury.

The current state of wellbeing relating to the mind/brain and its ability to think and process information. Positively form opinions, make decisions, and use logic. Wellness of the mind, positive self esteem and sense of confidence.

The ability to express feelings in a positive way. The positive management and expression of emotional actions and reactions as well as the ability to display resilience. Emotionally secure and relaxed in everyday life. Displaying resilience.

Ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations. Supported by strong communication skills, being a supportive family member, accepting responsibility for one's actions.

Ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the mind and conscience of human beings. A guiding sense of meaning/value. Highlight individualised. Having a purpose in life, feeling a sense of belonging.

Increased ability to run a household, increased ability to maintain independence, self esteem, increased energy, more time to attend school/work, increased life expectancy.

Increased national economic development, reduced absenteeism from work, reduced level of stress in community, increased social development.

Increased global economic development, global sustainability, global security/freedom, increased access to human rights.

The overall health of an individual or population, taking into account various factors such as life expectancy, amount of disability and various levels of disease risk.

An overall measure of a populations health based on a persons own perception of their health.

An indication of how long a person can expect to live.

A measure of burden of disease, based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. (healthy years - unhealthy years)

The number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness, or other environmental factors.

The number of deaths among children aged under one year in a given period.

The number of deaths among children under 5 years of age.

The number of deaths of women due to pregnancy, childbirth, or during the 6 weeks after the end of pregnancy.

• Ill-health in an individual and the levels of ill-health in a population or group. 
• Chronic disease
• Long term conditions

A measure of the impact of disease and injury.

Years of life lost + years lived with disability = DALY

The number or rates of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time.

The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.

The fundamental conditions and resources that provide a secure foundation for health and wellbeing.

• Living with others on the basis of tolerance, mutual understanding, and respect. Also, the absence of war/conflict. 
• - allows better access to education, health, and essential services
• - reduces stress and promotes feelings of safety and security 
• - increased human rights
• - violence causes injury/death
• - conflict causes economic impacts which can divert resources away from health services

• Adequate privacy space, physical accessibility, lighting, heating and ventilation, water supply and sanitation 
• - feelings of safety and security 
• protection from environment (temperature and disease)
• - sense of belonging
• - no shelter greater risk of poverty, unemployment, social exclusion, and chronic ill health

• Increases individual's health literacy
• - greater access to health information and care
• - increases understanding of nutrition
• - increased choice and opportunity
• - no education higher risk of premature death from diseases

• To obtain a safe, culturally acceptable, nutritionally adequate diet through a sustainable food system
• - build strong immune system and provides energy
• - brings people together 
• - reduces stress and anxiety
• - malnourishment in children may cause weight loss, fatique, stunting of growth

• The higher an individual's income, education, and occupational levels are, the healthier they tend to be. 
• - access to healthcare
• - access to social/sporting clubs/teams
• - earning for a family, provides a sense of purpose
• - low income also have a lower access to healthcare services, adequate shelter, clean water/sanitation, and adequate nutrition

• A balanced relationship between the landscape and species that we live in the environment 
• - improves access to food and water
• - provides many resources for health, including food, air, and water
• - habitats destroyed and food sources depleted due to global warming

• enabling natural systems to function, remain diverse and produce what is required for the ecology to remain in balance. Maintain current living practices but also for future generations, 
• - sustainable water reduces the risk of waterborne diseases
• - reduces malnutrition and subsequent feelings of stress
• - land degradation, declining soil fertility, unsustainable water use, overfishing

• People are treated fairly with equal rights for all. 
• - optimistic about their future 
• - improves access to healthcare services
• - discrimination can negatively impact their mental or emotional state

• Addressing the causes of inequality and providing strategies to ensure fairness.
• - promotes employment and education opportunities
• - fair access to healthcare
• - vulnerable groups have equal access to resources needed for optimal health