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What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?
a) Digestion
b) Oxygen transport
c) Muscle contraction
d) Waste elimination
The answer is b, Oxygen transport
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Which of the following represents the correct pathway of blood flow through the heart?
a) Right atrium to Right ventricle to Left atrium to Left ventricle
b) Left atrium to Left ventricle to Right atrium to Right ventricle
c) Right atrium to Left atrium to Right ventricle to Left ventricle
d) Left atrium to Right atrium to Left ventricle to Right ventricle
The correct answer is a, Right atrium to Right ventricle to Left atrium to Left ventricle
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The electrical stimulation that triggers myocardial contractions originates from:
a) Atrioventricular (AV) node
b) Aortic valve
c) Bundle of His
d) Pulmonary veins
The answer is a, Atrioventricular (AV) node
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Which cardiac rhythm is characterized by chaotic and irregular atrial electrical activity?
a) Ventricular tachycardia
b) Atrial fibrillation
c) Sinus bradycardia
d) Supraventricular tachycardia
The correct answer is b, Atrial fibrillation
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Starling’s forces play a significant role in:
a) Electrical conduction in the heart
b) Blood clotting
c) Oxygen binding to hemoglobin
d) Fluid exchange in capillaries
The answer is d, Fluid exchange in capillaries
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What is the function of platelets in the blood?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Blood clotting
c) Antibody production
d) pH regulation
The right answer is b, Blood clotting
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Which blood type is considered the universal donor?
a) A
b) B
c) AB
d) O
The correct answer is d, Blood type O
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Which instrument is commonly used to measure blood pressure?
a) Electrocardiogram (ECG)
b) Spirometer
c) Sphygmomanometer
d) Stethoscope
The answer is c, Sphygmomanometer
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What is the term for the volume of blood pumped out by the heart in one contraction?
a) Stroke volume
b) Cardiac output
c) Mean arterial pressure
d) Systemic vascular resistance
The right answer is a, Stroke volume
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How does smoking generally affect the cardiovascular system?
a) It lowers blood pressure
b) It improves oxygen transport
c) It increases the risk of atherosclerosis
d) It decreases heart rate
The answer is c, It increases the risk of atherosclerosis
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What is the primary function of the excretory system?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Digestion of nutrients
c) Removal of waste products
d) Production of hormones
The correct answer is c, Removal of waste products
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The main functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration, reabsorption, and secretion is called:
a) Urethra
b) Ureter
c) Nephron
d) Bladder
The answer is c, Nephron
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Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a measure of:
a) Blood pressure in the kidneys
b) Volume of urine produced
c) Rate of urine excretion
d) Filteration efficiency of the kidneys
The correct answer is d, Filteration efficiency of the kidneys
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Which process involves the movement of substances from the blood in the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules?
a) Tubular reabsorption
b) Tubular secretion
c) Glomerular filtration
d) Filtration fraction
The right answer is b, Tubular secretion
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The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a crucial role in:
a) Digestion of fats
b) Red blood cell production
c) Regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance
d) Muscle contraction
The answer is c, Regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance
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Which class of drugs is common used to target the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and lower blood pressure?
a) Antibiotics
b) Antihistamines
c) Beta-blockers
d) ACE inhibitors
The right answer is d, ACE inhibitors
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Kidney stones are typically composed of:
a) Red bloods cells
b) Bacterial colonies
c) Crystallized minerals and salts
d) Mucus and pus
The answer is c, Crystallized minerals and salts
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Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) commonly affect which parts of the urinary system?
a) Bladder and urethra
b) Kidneys and ureters
c) Nephrons and glomeruli
d) Renal pelvis and cortex
The correct answer is a, Bladder and urethra
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What is a common symptom of urinary incontinence?
a) Painful urination
b) Blood in urine
c) Inability to control urination
d) Increased urine production
The answer is c, Inability to control urination
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Renal failure is characterized by:
a) Excessive production of urine
b) Inability to filter waste products from the blood
c) Excessive retention of water in the body
d) Overactive bladder muscles
The right answer is b, Inability to filter waste products from the blood
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What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
a) Carbohydrate digestion
b) Filtration of blood
c) Transport of hormones
d) Immune defense and fluid balance
The answer is d, Immune defense and fluid balance
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Which of the following is a primary lymphoid tissue responsible for T-call maturation?
a) Spleen
b) Lymph nodes
c) Bone marrow
d) Thymus
The right answer is d, Thymus
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The function of lymph nodes includes:
a) Producing red blood cells
b) Absorbing nutrients from the digestive tract
c) Filtering and trapping pathogens
d) Pumping lymph fluid
The answer is c, Filtering and trapping pathogens
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Which lymphatic structure is responsible for the filtration of lymph and the removal of damaged blood cells?
a) Thymus
b) Spleen
c) Tonsils
d) Lymphatic capillaries
The correct answer is b, Spleen
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What is the main role of the thymus in the lymphatic system?
a) Filtration of lymph
b) Production of lymphocytes
c) Storage of lymph fluid
d) Digestion of fats
The answer is b, Production of lymphocytes
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Lymphedema is characterized by:
a) Enlargement of the spleen
b) Inflammation of the tonsils
c) Swelling due to lymphatic fluid accumulation
d) Formation of abnormal lymph nodes
The correct answer is c, Swelling due to the lymphatic fluid accumulation
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Which disorder involves the malignant growth of lymphocytes and presents with symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes, fever, and night sweats?
a) Tonsillitis
b) Hodgkin lymphoma
c) Lymphadenopathy
d) Lymphedema
The right answer is b, Hodgkin lymphoma
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The role of the lymphatic system in the absorption and transport of fats is primarily accomplished by:
a) Lymph nodes
b) Bone marrow
c) Lymphatic capillaries
d) Thymus
The answer is c, Lymphatic capillaries
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The removal of the spleen can lead to an increased risk of infections primarily caused by:
a) Bacteria
b) Viruses
c) Fungi
d) Parasites
The correct answer is a, Bacteria
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Which lymphatic tissue is involved in producing antibodies and plays a significant role in immune responses against pathogens?
a) Bone marrow
b) Spleen
c) Tonsils
d) Lymph nodes
The right answer is d, Lymph nodes
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