Bio 20 Excretory system

A new kidney is inserted and hooked up to ureters and blood vessels, the old kidney is not removed as they hold alot of blood. You can live with only one kidney normally.

When there is more crystal forming substance in your urine and liquid, the stones can become lodged in ureters or the renal pelivs

A inflammation of nephrons causes damage to the glomerulus, so everything will be let through

Defective ADH producing cells, causes an increase in urine output

Watery sugary urine, excess urination, dehydration fatigue

• When the body does not make enough insulin from the pancreas. This causes high blood sugar, then more sugar in the nephron, then all that sugar is peed out. Has two types:
• -Type 1: from birth there are issues producing insulin, it cannot be prevented or reversed.
• -Type 2: the Insulin receptors degrade over time, this can be reversed and prevented in some cases

A dip down and then up along the kidney track, while descending, more H2O will be reabsorbed into the blood, to balance this out, more Na will be reabsorbed on the way up. IN the proximal tube (before this) and the distal tube (after this) H2O and Na are reabsorbed at the same rate

Glomerulus,Bowman's capsule, proximal tube, loop of henle, distal tubule, aldosterone, collecting tubule

Na is pumped back into the blood, Cl and HCO follow to maintain charge and ph balance. H2O will follow to maintain salt concentration. Any excess H2O will stay in the tract

drugs that put more sodium and salt into urine. because of this water will be secreted into urine to counteract the salt

Increases the permeability of collecting water, the water from filtration leaves the duct and moves into the medulla.

• 1.Filtration: Blood enters the glomerulus at high pressure, small particles (water, ions, amino acids and glucose, waste) can move through the bowman's capsule while other substances cannot. Whatever passes through is considered filtrate
• 2.Reabsorption: Useful substances that are part of the filtrate are reabsorbed back into the blood by active transport and diffusion.
• 3.Secretion: any excess waste still in the blood are secreted by active transport into distal tubules and leave the body through urine

The functional unit of the kidney. The afferent arterioles will wrap up in a ball called the glomerus, which is surrounded by the bowman's capsule, where the unwanted substances will drip. The blood will leave the glomerus and go through the efferent arterioles and go back to the heart

The middle of the kidney which connects to the ureters. Nephrons will drip urine into the renal pelvis, which leads to the ureters and then the bladder

The inner layer of tissue beneath the cortex on the medulla. It contains more nephrons

The outer layer of tissue on the kidney that contains nephrons (filter)

Organs that maintain water balance, maintain blood pH and remove waste from our bodies

An insoluble acid but can precipitate out of blood plasma and form crystal in joins (gout)

The liver will take ammonia made from denomination and turn it into urea, a much less toxic substance. The body can also break down nucleic acids into uric acids, again being less toxic

The removal of NH2 from amino acids in order to break it down for energy. This process makes ammonia (a bad toxin) which will be peed out later

Any substance the body does not need

Kidneys regulate the composition of body fluids by removing metabolic wastes while retaining the proper amount of water, salts and nutrients

Kidneys are organs to exchange matter and energy with the environment (taking the waste out of your body)