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When was the Classical Era?
1750-1820
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What defines the Classical Era?
Simplicity (after the intense detail of the Baroque Era) - simple melodies and an emphasis on musical form (organization)
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What inspired the Classical Era?
Classic Greek architecture with its simple clean designs that were highly organized
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What number era is the Classical Era?
The 4th
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How long was the Classical Era?
70 years, making it the shortest era of Western music history
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What does the Classical Era emphasize?
musical form and structure
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What new form was developed during the Classical Era?
symphony
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Who did many composers work for during the Classical Era?
Nobility
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Who gained more access to music lessons and concert attendance during the Classical Era?
the middle class
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Where was Franz Joseph Haydn born?
Austria
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Who did Franz Joseph Haydn work for?
The Esterházy family
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How did Franz Joseph Haydn know Mozart and Beethoven?
- Haydn was friend and mentor to Mozart
- Haydn taught Beethoven
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What new forms of music did Franz Joseph Haydn help to establish in the Classical Era?
Chamber music and the symphony
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What is Chamber Music?
Music written for a small number of musicians
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What did Franz Joseph Haydn like to do in his music?
Write "jokes" into his music
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What is a Symphony?
A large piece of music for an orchestra, typically broken into 4 movements
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What is the typical pattern for the 4 movements in a symphony?
- Movement 1: Fast
- Movement 2: Slow
- Movement 3: dance-like
- Movement 4: grand finale
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What types of music might be in the 3rd movement of a symphony?
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How long were symphonies during the Classical Era?
20-45 minutes long
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Which instruments were usually heard most in Classical Era symphonies and why?
String family was heard most because brass and woodwind instruments were still evolving
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How do you describe each movement of a symphony?
Each has its own form!
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Define the form theme and variation.
A musical form where a theme (melody) is introduced and then repeated with different variations (meaning that the melody sounds a little different each time that it is heard)
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Please put the movements of a symphony in order:
- Fast
- Slow
- Dance-like
- Grand finale
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Where was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart born?
Austria
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When did Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
begin playing the piano,
composing music, and
touring Europe?
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart began
- playing the piano at age 3, and
- composing music and touring Europe at age 6
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What two words describe Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart?
child prodigy (meaning a person, especially a young one, endowed with exceptional qualities or abilities)
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Who did Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart tour Europe with and where did he perform?
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart toured with his sister and performed in the royal courts
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How many musical works did Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart compose and what forms were they?
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart composed over 600 musical works, including concertos, symphonies, operas, and sonatas
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How old was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart when he died and how was he doing financially?
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was 35 years old and died in poverty (very poor)
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What is Sonata Form?
Sonata Form is an interesting method of arranging music because it is really a “form-within-a-form.”
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Where is Sonata Form generally found?
Sonata Form is often found within larger forms of music, such as symphonies and concertos
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What are the sections of Sonata Form?
exposition, development, and recapitulation
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What's one way to think about Sonata Form?
Sonata Form is like a musical story, only instead of characters, we have melodies
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What happens in Sonata Form Exposition?
Two contrasting melodies are introduced, labeled as Subjects 1 and 2
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What happens in Sonata Form Development?
The music modulates through many keys and feels unstable
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What happens in Sonata Form Recapitulation?
Subjects 1 and 2 (contrasting melodies) return and all tension is resolved
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What is a Sonata and what are the differentiations?
A sonata is multi-movement piece of music for either a solo piano or a solo instrument with piano accompaniment
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What form is often the first movement of a Sonata?
Sonata Form
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Where was Ludwig Van Beethoven born?
Germany
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What did Ludwig Van Beethoven link?
The Classical and Romantic Eras
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What else was Ludwig Van Beethoven known for?
Known for expanding many musical forms, including the symphony, sonata, and concerto
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What happened to Ludwig Van Beethoven?
Began going deaf during his late 20s and was almost completely deaf during the last decade of his life (50s)
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What described Ludwig van Beethoven's music?
Ludwig van Beethoven's music had emotional and intellectual depth, traits that would be used by future Romantic period composers
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How did Ludwig Van Beethoven innovate the Classical Era?
Ludwig Van Beethoven expanded the duration of musical forms (made them longer - his symphonies were twice as long as Mozart's) and infused the music with drama, emotion, and intellect (emotional and intellectual depth)
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What new trend appeared during the Romantic era?
Fans giving nicknames to their favorite pieces of music
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What was Ludwig van Beethoven's most famous sonata?
The Moonlight Sonata, which he titled "Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-Sharp minor, Op. 27, No. 2"
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In "Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-Sharp minor, Op. 27, No. 2" what does Op. stand for and mean?
Op = opus, meaning the number of the composition from that composer
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How many symphonies did Mozart and Beethoven each compose?
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On average, how long were the symphonies composed by Mozart and Beethoven?
- Mozart: 20 min
- Beethoven: 40 min
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On average, how long were the concertos composed by Mozart and Beethoven?
- Mozart: 20-30 min
- Beethoven: 30-40 min
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Who is this? 
Franz Joseph Haydn
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Who is this?
Ludwig Van beethoven
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Who is this?
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
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