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Alpha1 activation: therapeutic application
- *Vasoconstriction - blood vessels of skin, viscera, & mucous membranes
- Mydriasis
- Hemostasis - arrest of bleeding (vasoconstriction)
- Nasal decongestion - relieve
- Elevation of BP
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Alpha1 activation: Adverse Effects
- Hypertension
- Necrosis - IV extravasation
- Bradycardia - reflex slowing
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Alpha2 Activation
- Inhibits NE release
- Reduces sympathetic outflow to the heart and blood vessels
- Relief of severe pain
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Beta1 Activation: Therapeutic Application
- Cardiac arrest - initiate contraction in a heart that has stopped beating
- Heart failure - positive inotropic effect
- Shock - profound hypotension and greatly reduced tissue perfusion; goal of treatment = maintain blood flow to vital organs
- AV Heart Block - enhance impulse conduction through AV node; temporary treatment for AV block
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Beta1 Activation: Adverse Effects
- Altered HR or rhythm - tachycardia, dysrhythmias
- Angina Pectoris - due to increased oxygen demand
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Beta2 Activation: Therapeutic applications
- Limited to lungs and uterus
- Drugs used include: ephedrine, epinephrine, isoproteronol, and terbutaline
- Asthma - promote bronchodilation (terbutaline) - administered via inhalation
- Delay of preterm labor
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Beta2 Activation: Adverse Effects
- Hyperglycemia - promotes breakdown of glycogen into glucose; caution with patients in diabetes
- Tremor - most common side effect
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