protein secreted from the beta cells of the pancreas
Insulin
Insulin is necessary for
carbohydrate metabolism
protein and fat metabolism
The beta cells make up ____ of the pancreas, and the alpha cells that secrete glucagon, a hyperglycemic substance, occupy approximately
____ of the pancreas.
75%, 20%
synthetic preparations that stimulate insulin release or otherwise alter the metabolic response to hyperglycemia
Oral hypoglycemic drugs, also known as oral antidiabetic drugs
Diabetes mellitus, a chronic disease resulting from deficient glucose metabolism, is caused by _________________________.
insufficient insulin secretion from the beta cells
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the three p’s:
polyuria (increased urine output)
polydipsia (increased thirst)
polyphagia (increased hunger)
______________ is the most common type of diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Oral glucose load is more effective in raising the serum insulin level than an intravenous (IV) glucose load. True or False?
True
normal range for blood glucose
60 to 100 mg/dL
When the blood glucose level is greater than 180 mg/dL, ___________ (glucose in the urine) can occur.
glycosuria
Increased blood glucose acts as an osmotic diuretic, causing _______.
polyuria
For diagnostic purposes, an HbA1c level of ≤5% indicates that the patient does not have diabetes, 5.7% to 6.4% indicates prediabetes, and ≥6.5% indicates a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
The beta cells in the pancreas secrete approximately ____________
units/kg/day.