-
the usual foods and drinks regularly consumed.
DIET
-
- a thick, moist, smooth-textured form of cooked vegetables, fruits, etc.
-usually made by pressing the pulp through a sieve or by whipping it in a blender or food processor.
PUREE
-
– sweetened dessert with a creamy consistency usually made with flour.
PUDDING
-
-
- dough or paste made of flour, water, and fat/shortening used for making pies.
PASTRIES
-
- baked dessert, considered to be a modification of bread.
Cake
-
ROUTINE HOSPITAL DIETS (4)
- Regular Diet
- Soft Diet
- Liquid Diet
- Bland Diet
-
also called as “general”, “house”, and “full house” diet.
Purpose: To achieve and maintain status.
All foods are allowed EXCEPT highly spiced foods, rich & fatty foods, and gas- forming foods.
Daily Food Plan – follow the Food Guide Pyramid.
Regular Diet
-
Liquid Diet (2)
FULL, CLEAR
-
type of liquid
provide nourishment for those who have swallowing and chewing problems
characteristics: all liquids + milk, fruit juices with pulp
full
-
type of liquid
relieve thirst; maintain hydration/homeostasis
characteristics: all liquids - milk, fruit juices without pulp
clear
-
Purpose: provision of a diet LOW in fiber, roughage, mechanical irritants and chemical irritants.
Indications:
Gastritis
Functional GI disorders
Gastric atony
Diarrhea
Biliary indigestion/ bile reflux
Hiatus Hernia/ upper stomach bulges
NOT ALLOWED:
Fiber/Residue
Condiments
Fried Foods
Seeds/Nuts
bland diet
-
Definition: soft texture and are not mechanically altered
Purpose: provide adequate nutrition for those who have trouble chewing.
Characteristic: naturally soft in texture and bland in flavor.
Contraindications: Not intended for long-term use because it can cause constipation.
Indications:
difficulty chewing or swallowing (dysphagia)
ulcerations of the mouth or gums, oral surgery, broken jaw, plastic surgery of the head or neck
CVA/stroke
Used to limit gastrointestinal irritation and minimize gut activity for healing purposes
soft diet
-
Foods Allowed in SOFT DIET
- Low in fiber
- Low in connective tissues (e.g., skin, seeds)
- EXAMPLES:
- Very tender minced, ground, baked, roasted, stewed or creamed beef, lam, veal, liver, poultry, or fish
- Crisp bacon or sweetbreads (thymus gland)
- Cooked vegetables
- Pasta
- All fruit juices
- Soft raw fruits
- Soft breads and cereals
- All desserts that are soft
- Cheeses
-
FOODS NOT ALLOWED IN SOFT DIET:
- Fried foods
- Highly seasoned foods
- Raw fruits and vegetables
- Whole grains
Rationale: cause gastric distress, easily trapped inside the mouth and cause discomfort.
- EXAMPLES:
- Coarse whole-grain cereals & breads
- Nuts
- Raisins
- Coconut
- Fruits with small seeds
- Fried foods
- High-fat gravies/sauces
- Spicy salad dressings
- Pickled meat, fish, or poultry
- Strong cheeses
- Brown/wild rice
- Raw vegetables
- Lima beans & corn
- Spices (horseradish, mustard, & catsup)
- Popcorn
-
Nursing Considerations in DIET
Clients with mouth sores should be served foods at cooler temperatures.
Clients who have difficulty chewing and swallowing because of dry mouth can increase salivary flow by sucking on sour candy.
- Encourage the client to eat a variety of foods.
- Provide plenty of fluids with meals to ease chewing and swallowing of foods.
Drinking fluids through a straw may be easier than drinking from a cup or glass.
-
Other Names: Dental Soft Diet, Mechanically Altered Diet
Indications:
Difficulty chewing but tolerate more variety in texture than a liquid diet offers
Dental problems, head and neck surgeries, dysphagia
Characteristics:
Well-cooked
Easy to chew (tender)
Chopped, grounded or minced
ALL BEVERAGES ARE ALLOWED
Mechanical Soft Diet
-
Restricted Food for Mechanical Soft Diet
- Dried fruits
- Raw fruits and vegetables
- With seeds
- Fried Fruits
- Tough, smoked, or salted meats
- Nuts
- Raw egg
-
Other Names: T & A diet (Tonsillectomy and Adenectomy)
Characteristic: cold, smooth liquids
Purposes:
Minimize pain
Minimize bleeding
Cold Liquid Diet
-
Why must one avoid colored/red colored foods.
it would mask the bleeding
-
2 types of Fiber Diets:
high and low
-
•Soften the stool
• Speeds up transit time
• Lowers body lipids
• Prevents sharp rise in blood glucose
levels
Indications:
Constipation, Diverticulosis,
Hyperlipidemia, DM
Food Allowed:
All cooked or uncooked vegetables,
whole grains, nuts, seeds, milk
High Fiber
-
•Reduce stool bulk
• Slows transit time
• Least likely to form an obstruction
Indication:
Diverticulitis, Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn’s Disease
Food Allowed: Milk (2 servings only is allowed), eggs,
strained fruit juices, white bread, refined
cereals, ground/well-cooked tender meat
low fiber
-
Nursing Considerations in fiber diet
- Nursing Consideration:
- Gas-forming foods should be limited.
- Increase fiber gradually and provide adequate fluids to reduce possible undesirable side effects such as abdominal cramps, bloating, diarrhea, and dehydration.
-
Purposes:
Reduce hyperlipidemia
Decrease GI stimulation (fat intolerance)
Indications:
Pancreatitis
Gallbladder disease
Gastroesophageal Reflux
LOW FAT (FAT RESTRICTED) DIET
-
A type of protein diet that corrects protein losses, raises blood albumins
Indicated for: burns, COPD, HIV< respiratory failure
high protein
-
a type of protein diet
purpose: avoid nitrogen build up in the blood
indicated for: renal diseases and liver diseases
low protein diet
-
Purposes:
maintain normal blood glucose
levels
Prevent or delay onset of diabetic
complications
Indications:
Diabetes Mellitus
Obesity
food allowed: low glycemic-index foods
diabetic diet
-
other names:
Sodium-controlled diet
Sodium-restricted diet
2g Na diet
4g Na diet
NAS
DASH ( Dietary Approach to Stop HPN)
sodium restricted diet
-
purpose:
Reduce NA content in the tissues
Promote excretion of water
Indications:
Heart failure
HPN (Home Parenteral Nutrition)
Renal diseases
Cirrhosis
PIH
Cortisone Therapy
DASH
-
Sodium Intake – 500 mg/day
Fluid Intake –Total intake + 500 ml
Purpose: control PSPF
Protein
Sodium
Potassium
Fluid
renal diet
-
Purpose: reduce uric acid levels in the body
Indications:
Uric acid retention
Uric acid renal stone
Gout
PURINE-RESTRICTED DIET
|
|
