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Rotational equilibrium
- - body balance maintained by the three fluid filled semicircular canals
- - The fluid bends the cilia ( hairs) in the cupula then these hair cells, send messages through the vestibular nerve to the brain for body position.
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Gravitational equilibrium
- - The hair cells of the utricle and the saccule bend in response to head position.
- - found in the vestibule
- - each sac are hair receptors that contain tiny stones called otoliths.
- - So, when the head bends the otoliths and the gelatinous material are pulled down by gravity it causes the hairs to bend and stimulates sensory receptors to send message to the brain.
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What are the balance organs ?
- - semi circular canals
- Utricle
- Saccule
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Somatic nervous system
- - voluntary muscle control, except for reflexes.
- -12 paired cranial nerves includes vision, hearing balance to smell, facial tongue, neck, and head movement
- -31. Spinal nerves controls the skeletal muscles.
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Autonomic nervous system
- -involuntary and internal Homo static control.
- -divided into two types of nerves
- -1st group is known as the preganglionic. These are from the central nervous system to the gangllion.
- -Then we have the post Ganger Lanik nerves from the ganglion to the target organ
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Sympathetic
- -Fight or flight response
- -Short preganglionic nerves
- -The nerves releases acetylcholine
- -Postganglionic nerves releases norepinephrine.
- - from the ribs to the vertebrae.
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Parasympathetic
- -rest and digest
- -Long preganglionic nerves .
- -Both nerves are released acetylcholines, and it comes from the neck to the tailbone area.
- -We have the master of nerve known as the vagus nerve that controls the heart bronchi, liver, pancreas, and digestive tract.
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