Exam 4 (Part 2)

As popularity grew, hip hop splintered into different styles (like rock in 1970s):

1. _____ (ex.: M.C. Hammer and Vanilla Ice) Led to backlash (not "authentic" enough)
2. _____: based in political or social issues, incl. race. Sometimes controversial (ex.: Public Enemy)
3. ____: Lyrics tied to criminal lifestyle (ex.: N.W.A.). Initially on the fringe-not mainstream.

Becomes most profitable sub-genre of hip hop by mid-1990s
Led to public arguments at a time of rising racial tension in U.S.
Celebration of gansta lifestyle of reflection of social reality

Based in Los Angeles
Style of gangsta rap developed by Dr. Dre (earlier in group N.W.A.)
Slower speed, often with laid-back feel
Often samples from 1970s funk musician George Clinton ("P-Funk")

Who Am I Whats My Name

Heavy use of ____ (understandable to some, not other)

"Alternative" Music and the 1990s

"_____" (and "____") became most common word to describe countermovements.

Reaction against the commercialism and popularity of mainstream culture

Punk Rock in the 1970s

Simple, upbeat music
Aimed at _____
Sometimes had a ____ ____
Music could be played by____; ____ ____; participation and community mattered
Anti-____
Music style - eletric guitars and bass; drums; aggressive vocals; fast tempos; ____ effects; ____ ____

A style of alternative rock from Pacific NW, esp. Seattle
Continued some traditions of 70s punk rock
Exploded in popularity in early 90s
Use of electric guitar with timbre altered through heavy distortion
Intense, anguished style of singing/ screaming
Bleak lyrics: anxiety, apathy, depression, cynicism about future

Grunge band from Washing State fronted by Kurt Cobain

2nd album Nevermind (1991), broke into mainstream, drew national attention to grunge
Only three full-length albums from 1987-1994, but influential on other bands

Video reflects alternative vision: a subversive version of a high school pep rally

Lyrics: Sense of unease, helplessness, dissatisfaction:

Distrust of consumer culture, entertainment industy

Popular, success upset ____'s identity of themselves as outsiders

They began provoking fans, trying to shock new followers

Struggled with depression, heroin addiction

Committed suicide in 1994 at age 27

90s pop-music: small vocal groups top the pop-charts

"Girl Group" from Houston
Featured Beyonce Knowles, managed by her father
Internal conflict. nut extremely successful
"Say My Name"

2006: Breaks with Destinys Child; pursues solo career
Finds immediate success
begins successful acting career.

Released as a single in 2016
Promoted at the 2016 Superbowl Show the next day
Music: Aimed at stadium performances, marching bands. References New Orleans (and Houston) hip-hop called bounce
Lyrics: Personal empowerment, embrace of personal identity; "high" and "low" culture

Raised in Compton, CA (epicenter of W. Coast rap of 1990s)

Fast rise to fame and critical acclaim as new voice in hip hop

Overtly political ("conscious hip hop")
Albums: artistically exploratory, ambitious

Concept album about personal transformation + growth
Themes of self interrogation (Insecurity, depression)
Stylistically experimental (Aspects of jazz, funk, soul, rap, spoken word poetry)

Won the Pulitzer Prize for Music; grammy for best rap album

Not intended as a single

Form: Two Main Sections

1: ___
2: ___

Extremely successful pop singer/ songwriter
Over 200 million albums sold
9 No. 1 hits

Early Hit - "Love Story" 

Instrumentation; vocal accent; ______ form

Style of alternative music (early 1990s-today)
Sometimes: acoustic instruments; quiet vocals; personal lyrics

Mid-Career Fame

Gradually abandons country sound for new pop style (2012-2019)

Gains Massive Following, but some early fans feel alienated

Has spent 5 weeks at No. 1
First time an artist had all top 10 spots