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Similarities between Judaism and other religions
- Higher power
- Worshiped a deity
- Priesthood
- and holy locations
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Differences between Judaism and other religions
- Monotheistic
- Revealed God
- Originally a
- locality
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Diaspora
The spreading out of Jews throughout the world
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Septuagint
- the original scriptures for early Christians made by 70 translators
- aka LXX
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Synagogue
significant sites for teaching and worship, houses of prayer
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Dead Sea Scrolls
- a library kept by Essenes, elaborates on the diversity of the
- jewish culture
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Hellenism/Hellenization
the adoption of Greek influence
-
Pagan
a heathen who is polytheistic or doesn’t believe in God
-
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Pax Romana
- The extent of the roman empire with its basic
- stability, and worldwide unity
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Animism
- belief that spirits can posses people animals and other
- entities
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Animism
- Belief that spirits can posses people animals and other
- entities
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Herod the Great
- Iduman/half-jew, politically minded, enlarged the
- temple, began building programs
-
Pharisees
- Middle class
- Power based outside Jerusalem
- associated with synagogue
- teachers and scholars
- maintain relationship with God via Law
- accepted most of the OT
- life after death
- believed in demons and angels
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Sadducees
- Upper class
- Power base in Jerusalem
- Temple
- Priests
- relationship via sacrifice
- only Torah/Pentateuch
- no after life
- skepticle of paranormal
- dissapear after war with Rome
-
Zealots
- radical anti-roman Jews
- physical force
- included sicarii- knife wielding assasigns who would kills jews
-
Samaritans
- only the pentateuch and it was revised
- Claimed true existance in Israel
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Essenes
- keepers of the dead sea scrolls
- not mentioned in the NT
- very ritualistic
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Apollonius of Tyanna
- A worshipper of Roman Gods, who was considered another "Son of God"
- Tells us the importance of situating Jesus and the NT in the original world
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Inflences and results of Greek's culture
- looked to the septuagint
- spoke greek
- Rabbis over priests
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Dualism
- tends to objectify good and evil as realities in nature
- grants more power to the devil
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Epicureanism
- Origins from Epicurus
- Free will
- Pleasure seeking, through tranquility
- Avoid things that lead to pain
- No after life
-
Stoics
- Origins from Zeno
- Predestination it is all a cycle
- Virtue is most important throgh faith
- Focused on the logic of the universe
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Cynicism
- Origins are Diogenes Of Sinope
- Athenticity and Independance
- Voluntary poverty
- Rhetorical conversation with themself
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Gnosticism
religous movement that regaurded the spirit as fndementally good and matter as evil
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Koine
"common" became the lingua franca of the hellenistic world language and the NT
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Unicials
All capital greek writing earliest version
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Cursives/Miniscules
distinguished between upper and lower case letters later version
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Pyramid of Greco-Roman Religosity
Humans->Divine Beings, demigods, heros, immortals->Daimonia, Local Gods-> The Great Ones-> The One God
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Julius Cesar
Dictator who turned Rome into an Empire
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Octavian (Agustus)
Cesar's adopted son/great nephew who finished Cesar's maste plan
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Amount of books in the Protestant canon
39
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Catholic Canon and what its called
11-15, Apocrypha or Deutero-canonical
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What the term "Old Testament" title is
Christian name for the Jewish bible
-
The bible originally was in what language?
Hebrew-> Greek
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Bible
Originally meant a collection of books signifying the different authors
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Canon
- from the greek word meaning to measure or ruler
- denotes a recognized authoritative collection of books
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Historical-Critical Approach
- focs on the circumstances of a text's composition
- the way a historian might use the NT
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Redaction
"Editing" the study of possible sites of editing
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Hermenetics
- philosophical reflection on the process of interpretation. The study of
- interpretation theories. Usually focuses more on present meaning and
- appropriation.
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Exegesis
- explication of the text. From Greek for “interpret,” to
- exegete is to explain or analyze a text using historical-critical tools of
- understanding. Exegesis typically focuses more on past meaning.
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NT Basics
- 27 Books
- Written in Greek
- Varios Authors
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Gospel transmission
- Historical Jesus
- Early tradition
- Composition of the Gospels
- Preservation of Manuscripts
- Translation
- Reception
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Text criticism
when people analyze the various manuscripts of the NT to judge which are the most reliable
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Form criticism
seeks to classify different materials found in the NT according to genre
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Source criticism
Moves to present a hypothesis regaurding possible sources for NT authors
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Sociological criticism
Scholars examine the NT with tools from social science
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Rhetorical criticism
- Focuses on the strategies used by biblical authors to achieve their purposes
- types of arguments used
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Narrative criticism
- Treats each book as its own and focuses on that
- draws on insights of modern lit analysis to determine the expected effects
-
Redaction criticism
determine the intentions by analyzing the arrangement and edited source materials
-
Reader-response criticism
- focus on polyvaence- capacity to mean different things to different people
- intrested in how the readers contribute to interpretation
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Ideological criticism
seeks to explore how textx might be intrepreted from different perspectives
-
Deconstructionism
- extreme mode fairly recent
- goes on to explain that all interpretation have no real true foundation
-
Josephus
- A first-century Jewish historian.
- He was appointed court historian by the Roman Emperor Vespasian.
- His two major works—Wars of the Jews and Antiquities of the Jews—are principal resources for much information about life in
- first-century Palestine.
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types of things in the Gospel
- parables
- Miracle Stories
- Prononcement Stories
- Individual Sayings
- passion and resrrection Narratives
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The sayings of Jess from the cross
- Wisdom
- Prophetic
- eschatological
- legal
- "I" autobiographical
-
gospel
early christian preaching
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Gospel
written life of Jesus
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