Legionella pneumophila accounts for what percent of documented legionellosis?
85%
how many serotypes of legionella pneumophila are there?
14
How many species and serotypes are there for legionella spp.?
16 species
21 serotypes
Pseudomonadaceae have what general Gram stain characteristics?
Gram negative rods or coccobacilli
Pseudomonadaceae are what type of oxygen users?
strictly aerobic
motile species of Pseudomonadaceae have what type of flagellation.
polar
Pseudomonadaceae organisms degrade carbohydrates via ______ rather than fermentative pathway.
oxidative
Pseudomonadaceae are all typically non-________ fermenters.
glucose
what is the TSI result for Pseudomonadaceae?
K/K
what is the most frequently isolated Pseudomonadaceae?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
this organism is prevalent in burn infections, cystic fibrosis superinfections and is characterized by mucoid morphology.
P. aeruginosa
This organism is seen in acute leukemia, UTIs, Otitis media, wound infections, necrotizing keratitis, bone infections, and organ transplant infections.
P. aeruginosa
P. aeruginosa may cause what condition in IV drug users?
Endocarditis
what organism may cause fatal lower respiratory tract infections in immunocompromised patients?
P. aeruginosa
what are the five toxins and enzymes found in P. aeruginosa?
Exotoxin A
Alginate
Proteolytic enzymes
Pili
Endotoxin
What is the motility result for Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
+
what is the nitrate reduction result for P. aeruginosa?
+
P. aeruginosa is susceptible to what antibiotic?
polymyxin
what are the four moist places that P. aeruginosa is isolated from?
Ear
Tracheotomies
indwelling catheters
weeping cutaneous wounds
P. aeruginosa has good growth on BAP and MAC and grows best at what temperature?
42oC
this organism has a ground glass appearance resembling fish scales on BAP?
P. aeruginosa
what type of hemolysis does P. aeruginosa exhibit?
Beta
this organism produces a blue green pigment and a strong grape-like or fruity smell on the BAP.
Pseudomona aeruginosa
What is the appearance of P. aeruginosa on MAC?
colorless
flat
irregular
spreading or spindle shaped
jP. aeruginosa growth is _______ on HE?
inhibited
what is the pigment producer and color of P. aeruginosa on HE?
pyocyanin
Blue
what two things cause a yellow color for P. aeruginosa on the HE?
pyoverdin
fluorescein
this Pseudomonas spp is an uncommon cause of infection and mostly isolated from respiratory tract.
P. fluorescens
P. fluorescens is similar to P. aeruginosa in that it produces what?
Fluorescens (fluorescein or pyoverdin)
true or false
P. fluorescens produces pyocyanin
False
only P. aeruginosa produces this pigment
this ubiquitous organism is usually a contaminant but is seen in debilitated patients with wound infections, abscesses, bacteremia, pneumonia, or UTIs.
Stenotrophomonas maltophila
Stenotrophomonas maltophila was formerly classified under what two genus?
pseudomonas
Xanthomonas
This organism is similar to Pseudomonads except oxidase =.
Stenotrophomonas maltophila
Stenotrophomonas maltophila produces what oxidase result?
=
S. maltophila is ________ to most anti-pseudomonal drugs.
resistant
this organism is normal flora of mucous membrane and may cause conjunctivitis.
Moraxella lacunata
Infections of this organism are caused by person's endogenous strain.
Moraxella lacunata
what is this organism?
Gram negative coccobacilli
Aerobic
oxidase (+)
nonsaccharolytic (does not oxidize glucose)
non-motile
poor growth on MAC
Moraxella lacunata
what are the four types of Acinetobacter spp.?
Saccharolytic, non-hemolytic
Asaccharolytic, non-hemolytic
Saccharolytic, hemolytic
Asaccharolytic, hemolytic
This ubiquitous organism is seen in compromised patients on respirators and is resistant to most antibiotics.
Acinetobacter spp.
Acinetobacter spp. may colonize moist skin in what two areas?
GU tract
Respiratory tract
Acinetobacter is seen as Gram negative coccobacilli in what smears?
culture smears
Acinetobacter spp is seen as gram negative diplococcoid in what type of smears?
clinical smears
what is the oxidase result for Acinetobacter spp.?
=
What is this organism?
oxidase (=)
non motile
nitrate reduction (=)
Growth on MAC
Oxidizes glucose and lactose
Acinetobacter spp.
how are Saccharolytic and Asacchrolytic Acinetobacter spp differentiated?
glucose oxidation
Saccharolytic (+)
Asacchrolytic (=)
what is the natural habitat of Chryseobacterium meningiosepticum?
Soil
plant
water
not human
this organism is seen in the contamination of hospital water supplies, nebulizers, water baths, and saline.
C. meningiosepticum
this organism can survive tap water chlorine.
C. meningiosepticum
This organism has caused several epidemics with high mortality rates in hospital nurseries due to neonatal meningitis and bacteremia.
C. meningiosepticum
C. meningiosepticum is seen particularly in ________ babies.
premature
What are the Gram stain characteristics of C. meningiosepticum?
Gram negative Bacilli
long, thin with bulbous ends
C. meningiosepticum has what type of motility?
non motile
C. meningiosepticum has ______ to _________ variable growth on MAC?
poor
negative
C. meningiosepticum is a chromogenic on BAP that produces what color after 24-48 hours.
light yellow to orange
what is the indole result of C. meningiosepticum?
+
what is used as a reference in the identification of C. meningiosepticum?
pigmentation
what is the most frequently isolated Alcaligenes species?
Alcaligenes faecalis
A. faecalis is typicly a ________ and ________ inhabitant?
water
soil
Alcaligenes faecalis is seen in what three nosocomial infections?
respirator
hemodialysis
intravenous systems
Alcaligenes faecalis is seen in what three opportunistic infections?
respiratory
UTI
blood
This opportunistic bacteria is a gram negative bacilli that is poorly defined and difficult to identify.
Alcaligenes faecalis
Alcaligenes faecalis does not oxidize what sugar?
glucose
A. faecalis moves by what type of flagellation?
peritrichous
what is the meaning of nonsaccharolytic?
does not oxidize glucose
A. faecalis has _____ growtho on MAC?
good
Burkholderia cepacia is pathogenic in what four coditions?
cystic fibrosis
CGD
UTI
respiratory tract infections
Burkholderia cepacia is what color on the CHOC?
green
what is the LDC result for burkholderia?
+
Burkholderia cepacia has ________ oxidation of glucose, lactose, and mannitol
variable
B. cepacia has what motility result?
+
B. pseudomallei can cause what disorder which can be used as a possible bioweapon?
meliodosis
which burkholderia species is mucoid to dry with variable oxidation of glucose, lactose, mannitol?
B. pseudomallei
this organism has a rare but wide range of infections, mostly in horses?
Burkolderia mallei
Burkholderia mallei has what type of morphology?
indistinct
how is B. cepacia differentiated from B. pseudomallei and B. mallei?
LDC +
green color on CHOC
how is B. pseudomallei and B. mallei differentiated?
B. pseudomallei:+
B. mallei:=
the ID of non-fermenters is used mostly for definitive ID of what organism?
P. aeruginosa
ID of non fermenters is based on the identification of what two test?
motility
cytochrome oxidase
what are the three rapid and differential testings for Pseudomonas?
growth at 42oC
pyocyanin production
denitrification
this agar is selective for isolation of Pseudomonas spp.?
cetrimide agar (pseudosel agar)
the cetrimide agar is used for presumptive ID of what spp.?
P. aeruginosa
Cetrimide agar enhances production of what?
pyocyanin pigment
P. aeruginosa on a cetrimide agar fluoresces under what wavelength light?
ultraviolet (254nm)
What does FLN stand for in the pickett's FLN media?
fluorescence
lactose
nitrate
what is the colormetric indicator in the Pickett's FLN medium?
phenol red
Pickett's FLN medium should be incubated for how long, at what temp?
18-24 hours
35oC
the Picketts FLN medium has what color fluorescence under black light?
blue-green
A yellow color on the Pickett's FLN medium indicates what?
lactose to acid
Seller's medium is used to differentiate what three organisms?
P. aeruginosa
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
Alcaligenes
what are the four packaged microbial identification systems?
API NFT
OXI-FERM TUBE
REMEL N/F SYSTEM
CRYSTAL ENTERIC/NF
what does ATCC stand for?
american type culture collection
what is the fatality rate of primary pneumonia caused by legionaires disease?
15-20%
this is a self limited, non-fatal, acute, nonpneumonic, febrile illness caused by legionellosis.
pontiac fever
Legionella species are ________, primarily aquatic saprophytes
ubiquitous
what are the four major reservoirs that legionellacea is isolated from?
warm, fresh water sites
air-conditioning units
stored potable water
lakes, rivers, marine waters
Legionellaceae are small bacilli to pleomorphic filamentous bacilli that may be over ____ in length.
100u
Legionellaceae requres what two things for nutrition?
L-cysteine
iron
what pH is Legionellaceae grown at?
6.9
true or false
Legionellaceae is usually motile
true
the cell wall of this bacteria has a distinctive unique branced chain fo cellular fatty acids.
legionellaceae
what are the four recommended specimens for legionella?
respiratory tract secretions
tissues
fluids (especially sputum)
blood
what broth prevents specimen desiccation of legionella?
BHI
what genus will hold up for 48 hours at 5oC?
Legionella
what stains are preferred on histological samples of legionella?
Giemsa
Silver stain
what is the primary growth medium for legionella?
Supplemented-buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) medium
true or false
Legionella will not grow on commonly employed laboratory media
true
what legionella samples should be centrifuged?
lavage
with which disease should acid be added to a sample for better recovery of legionella
cystic fibrosis
what should be done to tissue before plating for legionella?
homogenize
how long should Legionella be incubated at 35oC?
2 weeks
what organism is incubated for two weeks at 35oC with 5-10% CO2 and 80-90% humidity?
Legionella
Legionella should be examined daily for how long?
one week
after how many days will macroscopic colonies of Legionella appear on a BYCE?
3-4 days
after five days Legionella will have what kind of morphology with internal granular speckling?
cut glass
true of false
ID to species level of Legionella is not important
true
sensitivity testing of legionella is ___ performed.
not
these are gram negative cocci cells that occur as diplococci with adjacent sides flattened resembling kidney beans.
Neisseriaceae
Neisseriaceae are fastidious and requre blood as a source of what?
iron
atmosphereic requirements of Neisseriaceae inclued increased what?
CO2
what is the optimum growth temperature of Neisseriaceae?
37oC
what is the cytochrome oxidase test for Neisseriaceae?
+
what Neisseria species may cause purulent arthritis, sterility, and death
N. gonorrhoeae
what is this neisseria?
Glucose: +
Maltose =
Lactose (ONPG): =
sucrose: =
N. gonorrhoeae
on what medias will N. gonorrhoeae appear medium butyraceous, convex, and entire?
Choc
MTM
this organism may be normal flora of the nasopharynx, but can also cause fulminating meningitis.
N. meningitidis
N. gonorrhoeae will not grow on what media?
BAP
this organism gram stains identical to N. gonorrhoeae
N. meningitidis
what is this Neisseria species?
Glucose: +
Maltose: +
Lactose (ONPG): =
Sucrose: =
N. meningitidis
N. lactamica is normal flora where?
oropharynx
nasopharynx
this organism is usually avirulent, but may rarely cause bacteremia, endocarditis and meningitis.
N. lactamica
What is this Neisseria?
Glucose: +
Maltose: +
Lactose (ONPG): +
Sucrose: =
N. lactamica
Moraxella catarrhalis is normal flora where?
upper respiratory tract
female genital tract
what is this species of Neisseria?
glucose: =
Maltose: =
Lactose (ONPG: =
Sucrose: =
Nitrate: +
DNAse: +
B-lactamase: 95% +
Moraxella catarrhalis
Neisseriaceae biochemical identification is based on what four carbohydrates?
Glucose
maltose
lactose
sucrose
what type of woll tipped swab is used for collection of Neisseriaceae?
calcium alginate
how is presumptive reporting of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae performed?
many PMN's and Gram negative diplococci, occuring both intra- and extracellularly, morphologically resembling N. gonorrhoeae
Presumptive reporting of Neisseriaceae can only be performed on what patients?
symptomatic male with urethritis
Bordatella pertussis causes what two conditins?
Whooping cough
Respiratory infections
This organism causes less severe pertussis-like symptoms.
Bordetella parapertussis
What is the organism that is commensal in dogs, cats, and rabbits that may cause URI in immunoicompromised patients.
Bordetella bronchiseptica
what are the Gram stain characteristics of Bordetella?
gram negative coccobacillus
occur singly or in pairs
how long is the counterstain added for ID of bordetella?
2 min
what counterstain is used for Bordetella?
0.2% fuchsin
This is among the most fastidious bacteria known.
B. pertussis
B. pertussis shows no growth on infusion agar or ___.
BAP
what are the three recommended medias for B. pertussis?
fresh Bordet-Gengou (BG) agar
Regan-Lowe
Modified Jones-Kendrick
B. pertussis should be collected using __ nasopharyngeal calcium alginate swabs.
2
plastic kills what organism?
B. pertussis
Direct plating of B. pertussis should be performed at bedside on what plate?
BG
when direct plating of B. pertussis is impossible what media should be used?
RL semisolid transport media
B pertussis should be incubated at 35oC for how many days with high humidity?
12 days
colonial morphology of B. pertussis is typically visible after how many days?
3-5
this organism has a clonial morphology that is usually less than 1mm and has a pearl like luster or resembling mercury droplets.
B. pertussis
B. pertussis should be examind with what type of microscope?
dissecting microscope
what testing is used for better specificity of B. pertussis?
PCR
serological confirmation of B. pertussis is done with what type of testing?
FA testing
B. pertussis has what oxidase and motility results?
Oxidase: +
Motility: =
B. parapertussis has what oxidase and motility results?
oxidase: =
motility: =
B. bronchiseptica has what oxidase and motility results?
Oxidae: +
Motility: +
what are the four species of brucella?
B. melitensis
B. abortus
B. suis
B. canis
This is an obligate intracellular parasite which causes epizootic abortions in a variety of animals.
Brucella
This organism is associated with mandatory pasteurization of all commercial dairy products.
Brucella
Extensive compulsory vaccination programs for susceptible animals have successfully controlled infection by this organism in a few countries.
Brucella
In the US, ________ largely occurs in persons with occupational or vocational exposure to animals or lab cultures.
Brucella
what is the means of transmission of Brucella?
direct contact
Ingestion of contaminated dairy products
Brucella can cause what type of fever?
Undulant (Malta) fever
what are the gram stain characteristics of Brucella
Gram negative Coccobacillus
pleomorphic short rods
pale staining
how long should brucella be counterstained?
1-3 min
Brucella is non motile and typically _____ growing.
slow
what class of pathogen is brucella?
III
what is the culture media for brucella?
Brucella agar with 5% serum
what is the incubation time for brucella?
3 week
This organism is transmitted by sand fles and causes Carrion's disease.
B. bacilliformis
This organism is transmitted by human body louse and causes trench fever.
B. quintana
what three Bartonella species are transmitted by cats?
B. henselae
B. clarridgeiae
B. elizabethae
Bartonella are gram negative rods that are negative for what four biochemical tests?
oxidase
urease
nitrate reduction
catalase
what is the specimen for Bartonella?
tissue
Blood samples of Bartonella should be plated on what three medias with 5-10% CO2 and high humidity?
Choc
BAP
CNA
this is the etiological agent of tularemia.
Francisella
this is an acute, moderate, febire infection that is also Zoonotic.
Tularemia
What types of tularemia have the highest mortality rates?
Typhoidal
pulmonary
what organism is transmitted by blood sucking arthropods and wild rabbits, squirrels and game birds?
Francisella
what are the four means of transmission of Francisella?
Handling of infected animal carcasses
Insect bites
Ingestion of improperly cooked meats/ contaminated water
inhalation of airborne organism
This highly virulent tularemia is prevalent in North America and is associated with tick-borne rabbits.
Classical tularemia (type A)
Most cases of this disease are characterized by the formation of a tender, erythematous papule at the portal of entry, secondary pneumonia may occur.
tularemia
what safety precautions should be taken when handling Francisella?
vented hood
surgical gloves
which organism that will penetrate skin should be sent to the CDC.
Francisella
what are the recommended specimens during the systemic phase of tularemia?
sputum
gastric aspirates
Francisella is ______ recovered from blood culture.
rarely
what is the recommended media for Francisella?
Glucose-Cystine-Blood agar (GCBA)
Francisella has a mucoid, droplike morphology within ______ hours.
48-72 hours
in Francisella there will be a slight ______ of agar immediately beneath colony, particularly after prolonged incubation
greening
what stain preparations more readily demonstrate characteristic morphology of Francisella?
Giemsa
Francisella cells are highly _________ in older cultures.
pleomorphic
Francisella reproduces in what three ways?
buds
binary fission
filaments
what is used to stimulate growth of Francisella?
cystine
true or false
Francisella is a nonmotile obligate aerobe.
true
Francisella is Identified via serological testing or _________.
DNA probe
What are the oxidase and catalase results of Francisella?
oxidase: =
catalase: + (weak)
Author
corbin19
ID
36357
Card Set
Aerobic Gram Negative Rods and Cocci 7.8
Description
Microbiology Unit 7.8 Aerobic Gram Negative Rods and Cocci