Bio Unit D: Respiratory System

When the alveloi becomes overinflated leading to a decreases in gas exchange.

A gas that competes with O2 for active site on hemoglobin, this results in no O2 entering the body, but CO2 still being breathed out. (the goal of breathing isn't to breath in O2, but to get CO2 out).

what controls breathing, in the chemoreceptors, will detect change in O2 and CO2 in the blood. Changes can be: 1.CO2 or Acid level change. 2.The chemoreceptor senors send a message to the diaphragm muscles and ribs to increases breathing movements.

• 1.CO2 combines with hemoglobin to form: carboaminohemoglobin.
• 2.CO2 with help from carbonicannhydrase combines with carbonic acid
• 3.Carbonic acid is dissociated/buffered by hemoglobin to form bicarbonate ions and hydrgoen

A polypeptide with iron that binds to oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin

Gasses will move from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration

When intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax, returning the rib cage to normal size and decreasing the space inside, creating higher pressure, making gases want out

When the intercastal muscles and the diaphragm contract, moving the rib cage outward, increasing chest space, and decreasing the pressure inside, allowing more O2 molecules to by attracted to and fit inside your chest

The exchange of Oxygen breathed in going from your cells into your blood stream, and CO2 coming from your blood into your cells to be breathed out

Air is breathed into the lung's alveoli (inhalation), where it is then transferred into the blood stream by diffusion and replaced with CO2, which is then breathed out (exhalation)

Small Sacs at the end of branchiloe where the external respiration will take place, they have one cell thick membranes that can easily pass O2 and CO2

Cilia and mucous cells to clean warm and make the air moist one final time

A thin double layered membrane covering the lungs that connects them to the chest and allows the lungs to move with the chest

Where alevoli is stored, divided into smaller sections called lobs, the right side has three lobes, while the left only has two, this is to stop your lungs from crushing your heart

The trachea branches into two pathways called bronchi, each bronchi will then divide into smaller and smaller tubes as it reaches the lungs, the tubes are called bronchioles. The bronchioles end with tiny sacs called alevoli, where the gas exchange will finally take place

A flexible tube that takes air and gets it to the lungs, it also has mucous cells and cilia to clean, warm and make the air moist. The trachea is supported and strengthened by cartilage to prevent the tube from collapsing.

One of twos ways air can enter the body. It is lined with ciliated cells and mucous cells to warm and moisten the air you breathe. The mucus will clean up and catch dirty particles of air you breath in so it won't go to lungs

Made from cartilage and thin elastic ligaments, this controls the pitch of your voice, the more open it is, the deeper the pitch will be. Does not control words only pitch of the words

Air enters through the nasal cavity or oral cavity, air then travels down the pharynx (back of throat) and then down the glottis and past the epiglottis flap. The air then goes through the larynx (voice box), which sends the air down a flexible tube called the trachea

• 1.Breathing: Includes inspiration and expiration
• 2.External Respiration:exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood. Occurs in the lung's alveoli  
• 3.Internal Respiration: Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body's tissue cells and blood
• 4.Cellular Respiration:ATP energy is made from oxygen entering the body made by cells

The invasive growth of abnormal cells in the lungs, caused by cells continues rebuilding. Reduces lung surface area.

A chronic lung disease that affects the bronchi and bronchioles making it hard to breathe, (blocks them)

A collapsed lung from air build up in the space between two membranes of the pleura, making it impossible for the lungs to inflate

A disease that fills the lungs with liquid causing chest pains, difficulty breathing and fever.

causes bronchi to become inflamed and filled with mucous, comes in two forms: Acute, short term and can be easily treated and Chronic, long term and can be herritary.

an infection of tonsils in the pharynx, can prevent pathogens from entering the body and the infection can spread to lungs.

the amount of gas that remains in lungs after full exhalation

The total volume of gas that can move in or out of your lungs

the additional volume of air that can be forced out of lungs (breathing out hard)

the additional volume of air that can be taken into lungs (breathing in hard)

The amount of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal breathing movement when the body is at rest

To bring air and oxygen to every cell in the body and that carbon dioxide leaves each cell