The Institute of Medicine (IOM), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and other medical experts recommend that
_________ be consumed prior to conception to prevent neural tube defects.
synthetic folic acid
All women of childbearing age who are capable of becoming pregnant are urged to consume how many grams of synthetic folic acid every day for cell growth & metabolism?
400g
A serious central nervous system birth defect such as anencephaly and spina bifida that originate in the first month of pregnancy before a woman may even know she is pregnant.
Neural Tube Defects
What are the sources of folic acid in food?
Cereals, white bread, pasta, crackers,
Sources of naturally-occurring folate in food
spinach, citrus, lentils, soybeans
CDC recommends that all women who are capable of becoming pregnant be counseled to choose foods that provide ______
heme iron, or other sources of iron in the diet, and nonheme iron absorption enhancers, such as vit c
___________ is recommended for anemia detection and treatment prior to conception
Iron deficiency screening
What are the dietary guidelines for women of childbearing age who may become pregnant?
- CHOOSE FOOD THAT SUPPLY HEME IRON
-ACHIEVE AND MAINTAIN A HEALTHY WEIGHT BEFORE BECOMING PREGNANT
-CONSUME 400 MICROGRAMS (G) PER DAY OFSYNTHETIC FOLIC ACID
-DO NOT DRINK ALCOHOL
TRUE OR FALSE
Obesity during pregnancy is associated with gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, birth defects, cesarean delivery, fetal macrosomia, perinatal deaths, postpartum anemia, and childhood obesity.
True
What is the normal range of BMI
18.5-24.9
What are the other nutrients that are beneficial for pre-pregnancy nutrition?
What are the general guidelines for pregnancy weight gain based on pre-pregnancy BMI:
-Underweight (BMI below 18.5): 28 to 40 pounds
-Healthy weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9): 25 to 35 pounds
-Overweight (BMI 25 to 29.9): 15 to 25 pounds
-Obese (BMI above 30): 11 to 20 pounds
Helps prevent serious problems with the developing brain and
spinal cord (neural tube defects).
Folate and folic acid
Helps produce hemoglobin which carries oxygen in the blood.
Iron
Good sources of _____ include lean red meat, poultry,
fish, dried beans and peas, iron-fortified cereals.
Iron
Helps build important organs in the baby’s body
Protein
Good sources of ______ include lean meat, poultry, fish, eggs,
beans and peas
Protein
Supports healthy functioning of the circulatory, muscular, and
nervous systems
Calcium
Good sources of _____ include dairy products, broccoli, kale,
fruit juices, breakfast cereals fortified with calcium.
Calcium
True or false
It is safe for a pregnant woman or woman trying to conceive to consume a little amount of alcohol
FALSE
It's important to avoid alcohol during pregnancy as there is no known safe amount of alcohol use during pregnancy or while trying to get pregnant
It is a condition where people crave non food items such as dirt or clay.
Pica
Caffeine intake should be limited to ______ less than per
day as high caffeine intake has been associated with an increased risk of miscarriage
200milligrams
TRUE OR FALSE
Low/no calorie sweeteners are safe for use during pregnancy.
True
Some nonnutritive sweeteners such as saccharin have been linked to adverse effects on fetal development in animal studies. However, according to the International Sweeteners Association (ISA), low/no calorie sweeteners are safe for use during pregnancy
True or False
A pregnant woman can use herbal supplements as she opts to without consulting to a healthcare provider.
False
Herbal supplements can have adverse effects on fetal development. For example, St. John’s wort can cause preterm labor and miscarriage. Therefore it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before consuming any herbal supplements during pregnancy
True or false
All seafoods are safe to be consumed by pregnant women.
False
Seafoods are great sources of protein, iron, and zinc however some type of seafood can have high levels of mercury which can damage your baby's developing brain and nervous system.
It is the process of producing and releasing milk from the mammary glands in female breasts
Lactation
How does lactation begin and how does it end?
Lactation begins in pregnancy when hormonal changes signal the
mammary glands to make milk in preparation for the birth of a baby. Lactation ends once your body stops producing milk.
It is a biological, hormonal response that occurs during and after pregnancy to feed a newborn baby. Your body triggers specific hormones
to initiate milk production and ejection (releasing of milk)
Lactation
Label the anatomy of a breast
(1) fat
(2) grandular tissue (alveoli)
(3) duct
(4) nipple
This hormone controls the amount of milk you produce, and your body begins producing this early in pregnancy.
Prolactin
When these hormones are in high levels these suppresses prolactin.
Estrogen and progesterone
True or False
When a birthing mother successfully delivers placenta estrogen, progesterone and other pregnancy hormones drops and prolactin takes charge.
True
In promoting breastfeeding what does WHO recommends?
An additional _______ per day is recommended for well-nourished breastfeeding mothers.
330 to 400 kilocalories (kcal)
What are the nutrients that mothers should increase while breastfeeding?
Calories, protein-rich foods, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, iodine and choline, vitamins
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend lactating parents consume _____ of iodine and ____ of choline daily throughout the first year postpartum.
290 mcg of iodine and 550mg of choline
TRUE OR FALSE
Some medications can pass into the mother's breast milk and affect the baby.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE
Caffeine passes from the mother to infant in small amounts through breast milk, but usually does not adversely affect the infant when the mother consumes low to moderate amounts
TRUE
Caffeine usually does not adversely affect the infant when the mother consumes low to moderate amounts (about 300 milligrams or less per day, which is about 2 to 3 cups of coffee).