it accounts for many of the empirical properties of different substances in a solution.
what is the empirical definition of an acid?
acids form solutions that form blue litmus paper red and are electrolytes.
neutralize bases.
empirical definition of bases?
bases form solutions that turn red litmus paper blue and do not form electrolytes.
neutralize acids.
what is the empirical definition of a neutral substance?
does not affect litmus paper.
some are electrolytes some are not.
how do you recognize an acid from a chemical formula?
clook for a hydrogen symbol on the left paired with either a COOH or an anion on the right.
why does the modified Arrhenius theory exist?
it explains the acidic and basic properties of substances that the original theory could not explain.
why is the modified arrhenius theory still limited?
it can only describe acid/base chemistry when its in an aqueous solution and it doesn't always allow you to predict whether a substance will be an acid or a base.
what does the modified Arrhenius theory state?
-acids are substances that react with water to form hydronium ions.
-bases are substances that dissociate or react with water to form hyroxide ions.
what is neutralization?
a reaction between a hydronium ion and a hydroxide ion to produce water.
what is Arrhenius theory of acids?
some hydrogen compunds ionize to form H+ ions
H+ ions react with OH- ions to produce water
what is Arrhenius theory of bases?
ionic hydroxides dissociate to form hydroxide ions
OH- ions combine with H+ ions to produce water
what is Arrhenius theory of neutral substances?
no H+ or OH- solutions are prodocuced.
some are ions in solution
some are molecules in the solution.
what are the steps when ionic hydroxide?
write a dissociation equation
what are the steps for molecular compound containing H or -COOH?
react the substance with water
what are the steps for when ionic compound withought a oxide or hydroxide.
dissociate first then take the anion and reaact it with water.
steps for a metallic oxide?
react with water to become a ionic hydroxide.
dissociate it.
steps for nonmetallic oxide?
add water to it to get one product.
add water to that product again.
steps for other?
add water to it.
2 differences between modified and normal Arrhenius theory?
1. acids released hydrogen ions in the OG but the new one states they release hydronium ions.
2. bases were restricted to those ionic compunds that already contained hydroxide however the new one states that other bases withought hydroxide in the formula can react with water to form hydroxide.