Human Defence System

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Explain passive immunity?
- Passive immunity occurs when foreign antibodies are introduced into the body.
- Provides short-term immunity in 2 ways-
- A child getting antibodies naturally from the placenta or mothers milk.
- Getting an injection of foreign antibodies- immunisation.
What is the difference between passive and active immunity?
- Active immunity means that a person makes their own antibodies.
- Passive immunity occurs when foreign antibodies are introduced into the body.
What two ways is short term immunity provided by?
- Naturally: a child getting antibodies from the placenta or mothers milk.
- Artificially: getting an injection of foreign antibodies- immunisation.
Active and passive immunity are two types of what?

Induced immunity.
What are the 2 types of lymphocytes?
- B-cells (B lymphocytes)
- T cells (T lymphocytes)
Explain in short B cells and T cells?
- B cells: mature in bone marrow and produce antibodies
- T cells: mature in thymus gland and don’t produce antibodies.
Where do B-cells mature?

In bone marrow (lymph nodes and spleen also).
Where do T cells mature?

In thymus
What do B cells do?

Produce antibodies
Which type of lymphocyte doesn’t make antibodies?

T cells don’t produce antibodies
What does each clone of a B lymphocyte have?
- Each clone has its own specific antibody.
- Antibody is attached to surface of B cell.
What is on the surface of a B cell?

Antibody is attached to surface of B cell.
What happens when a B cell’s antibody comes into contact with its antigen?
- It attaches to the antigen.
- B cell replicates and releases lots of antibodies. (Plasma cells).
What happens when a B cell replicates?

Releases lots of antibodies.
What triggers a B cell to release lots of antibodies?

When B cell’s antibody comes into contact with its antigen it attaches to it. B cell replicates and releases lots of antibodies. (plasma cells).
What are plasma cells ?

When antibody comes into contact with its antigen it attaches to it. B cell replicates and releases lots of antibodies- these are called plasma cells.
How are memory cells produced?

Some B cells produced by the clone are memory cells (memorise immune response and work more rapidly than original B cells).
What is the duration of memory cells?

Memory cells can remain in the body for years. ( work more rapidly than original B cells).
How do memory cells differ to original B cells?
- (Memorise immune response)
- Work more rapidly
What do memory cells do?

Quickly replicate and release antibodies when body is reinfected. (Basis of active immunity).
What is the basis of active immunity? (Long-term)
- Some B cells produced by the clone are memory cells which memorise immune response. (Remain in body for years)
- They work more rapidly than original B cells as they quickly replicate and release antibodies when body is reinfected.

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jacquelineglynn

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Human Defence System

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Updated

2023-06-02T10:15:23Z