Genetic engineering

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What is the genetic engineering process for inserting the human gene for insulin production in bacteria?
- Isolation: a human chromosome with insulin gene and plasmid DNA (acts as vector) from bacterium are isolated.
- Cutting: using a restriction enzyme, insulin gene is separated from human chromosome and the the bacterial plasmid is cut.
- Insertion: insulin gene is put into plasmid joined by DNA ligase enzyme- recombinant-DNA produced.
- Transformation: bacterium takes up plasmid with insulin gene (bacteria is modified or transformed)
- Expression: modified bacteria reproduce asexually. Gene causes synthesis of insulin (i.e gene is expressed)
What happens in the stage of isolation?
- Human chromosome with insulin gene is isolated
- Plasmid DNA from bacterium is isolated.
What is the purpose of the plasmid DNA in bacteria?

Acts as a vector
What happens in the stage of cutting?

Using a restriction enzyme, insulin gene is separated from human chromosome and plasmid is cut.
What happens in the stage of transformation?

Bacterium takes up plasmid with insulin gene. (Bacterium is modified or transformed)
How is the bacterial plasmid cut in stage 2?

Using a restriction enzyme
What happens the bacteria when it takes up the plasmid with human insulin gene?

Bacterium is modified or transformed
What happens in the stage of insertion ?
- Insulin gene is put into plasmid joined by DNA ligase enzyme (recombinant -DNA produced)
- Recombinant =modified
How is the insulin gene put into the plasmid in stage 3?

Joined by DNA ligase enzyme
What does recombinant DNA mean?

It’s modified
What happens in the stage of expression?
- Modified bacteria reproduce asexually.
- Gene causes synthesis of insulin
- (i.e gene is expressed)
How do bacteria reproduce?

Asexually (binary fission)

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jacquelineglynn

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Genetic engineering

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Updated

2023-05-13T14:20:09Z

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