Anthro 2 Exam 1

In-depth study of one culture

Cross-cultural comparison

Ethnology, Human Relations Area File

Each culture thinks their ways are correct (human universal)

Hypothesis, testable, flexible, repeatable

The broadest context in which everything in cultural anthropology can be comprehended

An individual human's beliefs and activities should be understood in terms of his or her own culture.

Theoretical perspective that is humanistic not scientific, it is impossible for anyone to have objective and neutral knowledge of another culture

• Cognitive Processes - ideas, knowledge, symbols, standards, values
• Behaviors - gestures, body movement, manners, social interactions, play, work
• Material creations - artifacts, features

The process of learning one's culture while growing up in it

All parts of a culture are intermingled

• Ideal - what people believe they should do
• Real - what people can be observed to do

• Biologically - a group within a species that shares a cluster of genetically determined traits
• Culturally - a social construct based on perceived cultural differences

UV radiation synthesizes Vit. D in skin cells, areas of little UV radiation selected for depigmented skin

Part of the electromagnetic energy from the sun that is not visible to the human eye

Cultural group that shares most ideas, values, knowledge, behaviors, and artifacts.

Something totally new (something new that is created based on items or ideas that already exist)

Smaller group within a larger cultural complex that shares behaviors, attitudes, artifacts, etc.

A type of subculture characterized by members sharing a culture of origin, often one originating in another country

Darker skin colors protect against the destruction of folate, folate promotes neural tube development

• Within group variation is greater than between groups
• - Ex. genetic variation is greater among “Asians” than between
• “Asians” and “Caucasians”

Cultural group that shares only a few components, typical of large societies such as states, where there are many subcultures such as ethnic groups

The borrowing and exchange of items or ideas between cultures

The smallest subgroup within a culture that shares specific cultural features such as values or behaviors

• Cline - The variation of a biological trait along a geographic continuum
• Human skin pigments show distribution along a cline from the equator north and south

A pigment in the outer layer of the skin, responsible for skin color and blocks UVB from damaging lower layers of the skin

A system of moral principles

Feelings of homesickness, disorientation, helplessness, and frustration that occur after exposure to an unfamiliar culture

A harmonious relationship

Long-term information

Film dealing with ethnography

An approach to fieldwork that focuses on the personal experiences and perspectives of the ethnographer, as well as the voices of the native members of a culture

A sudden unexpected experience that causes one to faint, become hysterical, or vomit, more likely to occur in an unfamiliar setting

• Formal - ethnographic research method where planned, scripted questions are asked of informants
• Informal - ethnographic research method using open-ended questions that allow informants to talk about what they deem important

A member of the African !Kung San peoples of the Kalahari Desert

The process of an anthropologist doing ethnographic fieldwork

Learning about another culture by participating in their culture for extended periods of time

An ethnographic interview subject who has been selected by judgement sample; a knowledgeable native who plays a major role in teaching the ethnographer about the informant's culture

The ethnographic method of recording information about kinship relationships using symbols and diagrams

A large part of ethnography

The reporting of data gathered during ethnographic fieldwork

The part of anthropological linguistics that focuses on the mechanics of language

Form - words from sounds

The study of the history of languages, including their development and relationship to other languages

A subfield of linguistics that analyzes the relationship between language and culture with a focus on how people speak in social context

• Kinesics - The use of body to communicate, gestures, posture, and facial expression
• Proxemics - The study of the use of space in communication
• Cultural time - How time pertains to a culture
• Ritualized phrases - Words or phrases that have meanings other than the formal ones they represent
• Material culture - Artifacts and features of a culture

The general study of the sounds used in human speech

The manner in which minimum units of meaning (morphemes) are combined

A field of study in linguistics that analyzes the relationship between a language and culture

The ability of humans to communicate symbolically about distant time and place

The smallest unit of sound in speech that will indicate a difference in meaning

The smallest combination of sounds in human speech that carry a meaning

A hypothesis about the relationship between language and culture that states that language constructs perceptions