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Spotlight effect
tendency to believe others notice us more then they do. Ex Barry Manilow experiment
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Exp Barry Manilow on
tshirt experiment
Result: people thought more people saw the tshirt than actually did
Deals with: Spotlight effect
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Illusion of Transparency
Tendency to think our feelings and thoughts are noticeable to others
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Exp. Participants read false or truthful statements
Result: participants thought witneses noticed the lies more than they did
Deals with: Illusion of transparency
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Self Interest
doing things that make us look or feel good about ourselves
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Self Concern
we tailor our behaviors and gestures to convey a positive image to others
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Social Relationships:
we act, think, and feel differently around different people
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Self-Concept:
a persons answer to the question who am I
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Self-Schema:
organized set of beliefs about the self that affect thinking about the self and others
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Self-Reference
tendency to think of the world in relation to the self, we notice/remember those things that affect or relate to the self
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Possible selves:
what we expect to be in the future
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Social Roles
our duties, hobbies, relationships
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Social Identity
the groups we belong to
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Social Comparisons
comparing ourselves with others
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Where does our self concept develop from?
other’s judgments and personal experiences
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Collectivistic cultures
- -more self critical
- - less need for positive self regard
- -reference their social group more often
- -do more to enhance the welfare of other group members
- -self esteem is more about group
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Self-esteem motivation
desire to maintain positive self esteem
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Self-efficacy
the sense that one is competent and effective
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Locus of Control:
extent to which outcomes are thought to be controlled by self or environment. Internal vs. External Locus of Control
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Learned helplessness
perception that one has no control over the environment
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Self-Serving Biases:
Tendency to attribute bad outcomes to the situations, and good outcomes to oursleves
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False Consensus
tendency to assume others share our opinions and beliefs
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Self-handicapping
Purposefully setting ourselves up for failure
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Self-presentation
tactics used to change/regulate other’s impression of us
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False modesty
portraying ourselves more modestly to others than we privately feel
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Self-monitoring
Attention given to others to understand their likely views and reactions towards the self
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