Biology unit 4 workbook

• p= frequency of the dominant allele/gene
• q= frequency of the recessive allele/gene

p^2= frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype/trait/individual/expression

q^2=frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype/trait/individual/expression

2pq= frequency of the heterozygous genotype/trait/individual/expression

When there is a change in genotypic frequencies in subsequent generations.

The equilibirum of allele frequencies will remain in effect in each succeeding generation of sexually reproducing individuals.

To determine the frequencies of different genotypes in a population and to determine whether evoloution has occured. Any changes in the gene frequencies in the population over time can be detected.

p^2 +2pq + q^2 = 1.00

1.00 or 100%

Allele frequencies in a population will remain the same from one generation to the next, as long as five conditions are met:

1. The population is large enough that chance events will not alter allele frequencies

2. Mates are chosen on a random basis

3. There are no net mutations

4. There is no migration (immigration-in, emmigration-out)

5. There is no natural selection against any of the phenotypes

True

The genetic equilibrium principle or the Hardy Weinburg equilibrium

False

The punnet squares in genetic inheritance looked at a single parent while the punnet squares in this unit look at the percentage of that type of allele in the overall population for each gender

Ex. twenty percent of male and female gametes carry a recessive allele while 80 percent of male and female gametes carry the dominant allele. When you do the punnet square, multiply the percentages together to get the frequency for that genotype in the next generation.

allele: amount of that allele/total number of alleles in the population

genotype:amount of that genotype/total number of individuals