-
- Galena
- Luster: Metallic
- Hardness: < 5.5
- Streak: Dark Grey
- Cleavage: 3 planes at 90°
-
- Graphite
- Luster: Metallic
- Hardness: < 5.5
- Streak: Dark Grey
- Cleavage: 1 plane at 90°
-
- Muscovite
- Luster: Vitreous
- Hardness: <5.5
- Streak: faint
- Cleavage: 1 plane at 90°
-
- Biotite
- Luster: Vitreous
- Hardness: <5.5
- Streak: Faint
- Cleavage: 1 plane at 90°
-
- Halite
- Luster: Vitreous
- Hardness: <5.5
- Streak: faint
- Cleavage: 3 planes at 90°
-
- Calcite
- Luster: Vitreous
- Hardness: <5.5
- Streak: Faint
- Cleavage: 3 planes not at 90°
-
- Dolomite
- Luster: Vitreous
- Hardness: <5.5
- Streak: Faint
- Cleavage: 2 planes at 90°
-
- Quartz
- Luster: Vitreous
- Hardness: >5.5
- Streak: Faint
- Cleavage: None
-
- Fluorite
- Luster: Vitreous
- Hardness: <5.5
- Streak: Faint
- Cleavage: 4 planes at 90°
-
- Garnet
- Luster: Vitreous
- Hardness: >5.5
- Streak: Faint
- Cleavage: None
-
- Hornblende
- Luster: Vitreous
- Hardness: >5.5
- Streak: Faint
- Cleavage: 2 planes not at 90°
-
- Chalcopyrite
- Luster: Metallic
- Hardness: <5.5
- Streak: Dark Grey
- Cleavage: None
-
- Pyrite
- Luster: Metallic
- Hardness: >5.5
- Streak: Dark Grey
- Cleavage: None
-
- Metallic Hematite
- Luster: Metallic
- Hardness: <5.5
- Streak: Reddish Brown
- Cleavage: None
-
- Hematite
- Luster: Dull
- Hardness: <5.5
- Streak: Reddish Brown
- Cleavage: None
-
- Magnetite
- Luster: Dull
- Hardness: >5.5
- Streak: Grey
- Cleavage: None
-
- Limonite
- Luster: Dull
- Hardness: <5.5
- Streak: Yellow Brown
- Cleavage: None
-
- Potassium Feldspar (K Feldspar)
- Luster: Vitreous
- Hardness: >5.5
- Streak: Faint
- Cleavage: 2 planes at 90°
-
- Plagioclase
- Luster: Vitreous
- Hardness: >5.5
- Streak: Faint
- Cleavage: 2 planes at 90°
-
- Olivine
- Luster: Dull
- Hardness: >5.5
- Streak: Faint
- Cleavage: None
-
- Augite
- Luster: Vitreous
- Hardness: >5.5
- Streak: Faint
- Cleavage: 2 planes not at 90°
-
- Gypsum
- Luster: Pearly
- Hardness: <5.5
- Streak: White
- Cleavage: 3 planes not at 90°
-
- Talc
- Luster: Dull/Pearly
- Hardness: <5.5
- Streak: Faint
- Cleavage: None
-
- Kaolinite
- Luster: Dull
- Hardness: <5.5
- Streak: White
- Cleavage: None
-
- Granite
- Texture: Phaneritic
- Composition: Felsic
- Minerals: Quartz, K-Feldspar
-
- Diorite
- Texture: Phaneritic
- Composition: Intermediate
- Minerals: Amphibole, Plagioclase Feldspar
-
- Gabbro
- Texture: Phaneritic
- Composition: Mafic
- Minerals: Pyroxene, Plagioclase Feldspar
-
- Periodite
- Texture: Phaneritic
- Composition: Ultramafic
- Minerals: Olivine, Pyroxene
-
- Rhyolite
- Texture: Aphanatic
- Composition: Felsic
- Minerals: Quartz, K-Feldspar
-
- Andesite
- Texture: Aphanatic
- Composition: Intermediate
- Minerals: Amphibole, Plagioclase Feldspar
-
- Basalt
- Texture: Aphanatic
- Composition: Mafic
- Minerals: Pyroxene, Plagioclase Feldspar
-
- Granite Porphyry
- Texture: Porphyritic
- Composition: Felsic
- Minerals: Quartz, K-Feldspar
-
- Andesite Porphyry
- Texture: Porphyritic
- Composition: Intermediate
- Minerals: Amphibole, Plagioclase Feldspar
-
- Basalt Porphyry
- Texture: Porphyritic
- Composition: Mafic
- Minerals: Pyroxene
-
- Obsidian
- Texture: Glassy
- Composition: Felsic
- Minerals: Quartz, K-Feldspar
-
- Scoria
- Texture: Vesicular
- Composition: Intermediate
- Minerals: Amphibole, Plagioclase Feldspar
-
- Pumice
- Texture: Vesicular
- Composition: Felsic
- Minerals: Quartz, K-Feldspar
-
- Tuff
- Texture: Pyroclastic
- Composition: Felsic
- Minerals: Quartz
-
- Volcanic Breccia
- Texture: Pyroclastic
- Composition: Mafic
- Minerals: Pyroxene, Plagioclase Feldspar
-
- Conglomerate
- Origin: Detrital
- Texture: Clastic
- Other Properties: Rounded Gravel Clasts
-
- Breccia Sedimentary
- Origin: Detrital
- Texture: Clastic
- Other Properties: Angular Gravel Clasts
-
- Arkose
- Origin: Detrital
- Texture: Clastic
- Other Properties: Pink Gritty
-
- Quartz Sandstone
- Origin: Detrital
- Texture: Clastic
- Other Properties: Gritty
-
- Graywacke
- Origin: Detrital
- Texture: Clastic
- Other Properties: Sand and Mud
-
- Siltstone
- Origin: Detrital
- Texture: Clastic
- Other Properties: Soft
-
- Shale
- Origin: Detrital
- Texture: Clastic
- Other Properties: Fissle edges, splits into layers
-
- Claystone
- Origin: Detrital
- Texture: Clastic
- Other Properties: Powdery
-
- Limestome
- Origin: Biochemical
- Texture: Non-Clastic
- Other Properties: Scratches with Nails
-
- Micrite
- Origin: Biochemical
- Texture: Non-Clastic
- Other Properties: Conchoidal fracture, microcrystalline
-
- Fossiliferous Limestone
- Origin: Biochemical
- Texture: Clastic
- Other Properties: Contains fossils
-
- Travertine
- Origin: Biochemical
- Texture: Non-Clastic
- Other Properties: Cavities & Pores
-
- Coquina
- Origin: Biochemical
- Texture: Clastic
- Other Properties: Shell Fragments
-
- Oolithic Limestone
- Origin: Biochemical
- Texture: Clastic
- Other Properties: Spherical grains
-
- Chalk
- Origin: Biochemical
- Texture: Clastic
- Other Properties: Silty, compromised of microscopic shells
-
- Dolostone
- Origin: Biochemical
- Texture: Non-Clastic
- Other Properties: Only reactive with Hcl when powdered
-
- Ironstone
- Origin: Biochemical
- Texture: Non-Clastic
- Other Properties: Iron-Rusty
-
- Chert
- Origin: Biochemical
- Texture: Non-Clastic
- Other Properties: Conchoidal fracture, very smooth
-
- Agate
- Origin: Biochemical
- Texture: Non-Clastic
- Other Properties: Many layers, evaporate
-
- Rock Salt
- Origin: Biochemical
- Texture: Non-Clastic
- Other Properties: Visible Crystals
-
- Rock Gypsum
- Origin: Biochemical
- Texture: Non-Clastic
- Other Properties: Soft Visible Crystals
-
- Peat
- Origin: Biochemical
- Texture: Clastic
- Other Properties: Visible Plant Fragments
-
- Lignite
- Origin: Biochemical
- Texture: Clastic
- Other Properties: Brittle
-
- Bituminous Coal
- Origin: Biochemical
- Texture: Clastic
- Other Properties: Black, brittle rock
-
- Slate
- Foliation / Degree of Change: Yes, first degree
- Texture: Fine-crystalline
- Other Properties: Hard, flat sheets
- Parent Rocks: Mudstone or Shale
-
- Phyllite
- Foliation / Degree of Change: Yes, second degree
- Texture: Fine-crystalline
- Other Properties: Wavy and shiny
- Parent Rocks: Slate
-
- Quartzite
- Foliation / Degree of Change: No
- Texture: Fine-crystalline
- Other Properties: Quartz-crystalline
- Parent Rocks: Quartz Sandstone
-
- Marble
- Foliation / Degree of Change: No
- Texture: Coarse-crystalline
- Other Properties: Coarsely crystalline
- Parent Rocks: Limestone or Dolostone
-
- Garnet or Mica Schist
- Foliation / Degree of Change: Yes, third degree
- Texture: Coarse-crystalline
- Other Properties: Garnet crystals
- Parent Rocks: Phyllite
-
- Soapstone
- Foliation / Degree of Change: No
- Texture: Coarse-crystalline
- Other Properties: Fine to coarse crystalline
- Parent Rocks: Talc
-
- Gneiss
- Foliation / Degree of Change: Yes, fourth
- Texture: Coarse-crystalline
- Other Properties: Alternating dark and light layers
- Parent Rocks: Schist
-
- Anthracite Coal
- Foliation / Degree of Change: No
- Texture: Glassy
- Other Properties: Shiny, dark grey to black
- Parent Rocks: Peat, Lignite, bituminous coal
-
- Migmatite
- Foliation / Degree of Change: Yes, fifth degree
- Texture: Coarse-crystalline
- Other Properties: Light and dark bends
- Parent Rocks: Gneiss, partially melted magma
-
- Hornfels
- Foliation / Degree of Change: No
- Texture: Fine-crystalline
- Other Properties: Fine grained, dark color
- Parent Rocks: Any
-
- Amphibole
- Foliation / Degree of Change: No
- Texture: Coarse-crystalline
- Other Properties: Might be foliated
- Parent Rocks: Basalt or Gabbro
-
- Metaconglomerate
- Foliation / Degree of Change: No
- Texture: Gravel-crystalline
- Other Properties: Parent rock easily recognizable
- Parent Rocks: Conglomerate
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