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Endocrine system

  1. describe the parathyroid gland
    2 pairs of parathyroid glands embedded in the thyroid gland
  2. what does the parathyroid hormone do
    it regulates Ca conc
  3. how does the parathyroid hormone work
    • it mobilises Ca from bone by effecting osteoblast and osteoclast activity
    • enhances Ca resorption by kidneys
    • increases Ca conc. in blood
  4. what enhances Ca absorption from the gut
    calcitriol enhances absorption from the gut
  5. describe the adrenal glands
    • pyramid-shaped gland that sits on the superior surface of each kidney 
    • composed of two parts with separate functions
  6. what are the two parts of the adrenal glands
    • adrenal cortex 
    • adrenal medulla
  7. what controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex
    • adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH] 
    • [made in the pituitary]
  8. what does the adrenal cortex produce
    produces corticosteroids
  9. what are corticosteroids
    corticosteroids are steroid hormones
  10. what does aldosterone do
    • stimulates covervation of Na ions and elimination of K ions 
    • targets kidneys, sweat glands, salivary glands
  11. what does cortisol and corticosterone so
    it increases rates of glucose and glycogen synthesis by the liver, anti-inflammatory effects
  12. what is androgen
    male sax hormone
  13. why is the adrenal gland yellow
    it is yellow in colour due to the stored lipids, especially cholesterol
  14. what hormones are found in the adrenal medulla
    • adrenaline 
    • noradrenaline
  15. what do adrenaline and noradrenaline do in skeletal muscle
    they trigger the mobilisation of glycogen reserves and accelerate glucose breakdown
  16. in adipose tissue what are fats broken down into to
    fats are broken down into fatty acids
  17. what does adrenaline and noradrenaline break down in the liver
    they break down glycogen
  18. what does adrenaline and noradrenaline cause in the heart
    they cause an increase in rate and force of muscle contraction
  19. are adrenaline and noradrenaline controlled independently
    yes
  20. what does the pineal gland produce
    the pineal gland produces melatonin
  21. what is the function of the pineal gland/melatonin
    • inhibiting reproductive functions 
    • protects against damage by free radicals 
    • influences circadian rhythms
  22. what is melatonin produced from
    produced from serotonin the neurotransmitter
  23. when is melatonin mostly produced
    • at night
    • [at winter also due to long nights- cause of SAD]
  24. what does melatonin do in animals
    it slows maturation of sperm and oocytes, may play a role in sexual maturation- levels decline at puberty
  25. what is melatonin
    mel is an antioxioxidant- may protect CNS neurons from free radical damage by nitric oxide or hydrogen peroxide
Author
Claireg05
ID
363232
Card Set
Endocrine system
Description
Updated

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