globalization theories

4 theories on globalization

• Refers to the increasing sameness in the world as cultural inputs, economic factors, and political orientations of societies expand to create common practices, same economies, and similar forms of government.
• Cultural Imperialism

•the process by which Western societies are dominated by the principles of fast food restaurants.
•Efficiency, Calculability, Predictability, Control
•Grobalization

characterized as Media Imperialism.
undermines the existence of alternative global media originating from developing countries, such as the AI, the Bollywood, as well as the influence of the local and regional media .

• Pertains to the creation of various cultural practices, new economies, and political groups because of the interaction of elements from different societies in the world.

•Heterogeneity in culture is associated with cultural hybridization.

A more specific concept of heterogeneity

A more specific concept is “glocalization” was coined by ________ in ______

3 perspective on global cultural flows

Emphasizes the fact that cultures are essentially different and are only superficially affected by global flows.

The interaction of cultures is deemed to contain the potential for ___________. _____________theory on the clash of the civilizations proposed in _____
best exemplifies this approach.

Emphasizes the integration of local and global cultures (Czetkovich and Keller, 1997).
Globalization is considered to be a creative process which gives rise to hybrid entities that are not reducible to either the global or the local. A key concept is “glocalization” or the interpenetration of the global and local resulting in unique outcomes in different geographic areas (Giulianotti and Robertson, 2007).
Another key concept is Arjun Appadurai’s “scapes” in 1996, where global flows involve people, technology, finance, political images, and media and the disjuncture between them, which lead to the creation of cultural hybrids.

Stresses homogeneity introduced by globalization.
Cultures are deemed to be radically altered by strong flaws, while cultural imperialism happens when one culture imposes itself on
and tends to destroy at least parts of another culture.
One important critique of cultural imperialism is John Tomlinson’s idea of “deterritorialization” of culture.
Deterritorialization means that it is much more difficult to tie culture to a specific geographic point of origin.