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(epidermal pigments)
what are the two pigments called
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where is carotene found
found in the st. corneum
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what colour is the carotene pigment
orange-yellow pigment
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what is carotene converted into
vitamin A
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what and where is melanin produced
melanin is produced by melanocytes in st. basale
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why is there a differnence in pigmentation
difference in pigmentation is due to different levels of melanin synthesis not different numbers of melanocytes
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what is Albinism
normal levels of melanocytes but produce no melanin
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what does melanin protect us from
protects us from UV radiation
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how is carotene obtained
carotene is obtained from the diet
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where is carotene stored
it is stored in the liver
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what is Vit A needed for
- Vit A is needed for vision,
- gene transcription,
- immune function,
- embryonic development and reproduction,
- bone metabolism,
- haematopoiesis,
- skin and cellular health,
- antioxidant activity
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what is the most common types of skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma ( 2/3 cases)
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what is basal cell carcinoma cancer die from
it is due to chronic UV exposure but there is also a genetic predisposition
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what is another less common skin cancer type
squamous cell carcinomas
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what is squamous cell carcinomas caused by
- caused by UV exposure
- metastasis is uncommon if treated
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what does melanoma develop from
develops from melanocytes in the st. basale layer
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what is malignant melanoma
- rapid proliferation and metastasis
- survival dependant on early diagnosis
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if localised what is the survival rate
99% survivial rate
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if extensively metastasised what is the survival rate
14% survival rate
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