Other Major Blood Group Systems 8.6

The Lewis blood group system is located on what chromosome?

This blood group system is closely related to ABO system

which blood group is formed at terminal sugars of type I precursor substance made by tissue cell in plasma?

what are the four types of Lewis?

what are the only lewis antigens that are adsorbed on to the surface of the RBC?

Lewis blood group is located primarily in what three parts of the body?

what is the form of lewis in saliva?

what is the form of Lewis in body fluids?

what is the form of lewis in blood plasma?

Lewis substance are secondarily _________ onto RBC membrane from plasma as glycolipids.

true or false
Lewis substance are not readily detectable on RBC
True False

what are the two Lewis genes?

The amount of Lewis antigen detectable is influenced by what three genes?

ABH, Sese, Lele genes are inherited __________.

what is the gene that affects what Lewis substance is produced.

If person has the Lewis gene it adds _______ to second sugar from the end.

what is the antigen produced when fucose is added to the second sugar from the end?

If a person is a secretor the H gene adds _______ to terminal sugar of precursor substance.

If a person is a secretor the H ene adds fucose to terminal sugar of precursor substance forming what antigen?

if a person has the phenotype Le^(a-b+) what saliva antigens are produced?

this system is markedly decreased during pregnancy.

Le^(a=b+) women may be what phenotype during pregnancy.

what are the three types of lewis antibodies?

Pregnant women frequently form _______ antibodies.

True or false
Lewis is a naturally occuring antibody.
True False

true or false
Lewis antibodies can cause HDN
True False

Lewis exhibits it strongest reaction in _______.

Lewis antibodies react best at what temperature?

Lewis reaction can react on all phaes to inclued 37^oC even though it is what class?

What is the antibody seen in Le^(a=b=) people but not seen in Le^(a=b+) people?

this antibody is seen in Le^(A=b=) people who produce Anti-Le^a but is rarely seen in Le^(a+b=) people.

Which lewis antibodies shows no reaction with cord cells?

this antibody is seen in Le^(a=b=) persons and reacts with both Le^a and Le^b antigens

the I/i blood group was discovered in 1956 by who?

this antigen is thought to be composed of subgroups to form a mosaic of determinants.

what are the three I determinants?

This I antigen if found in greatest amounts on cord RBCs and found in small amounts on adult RBCs.

what I antigen is the precursor to I^d antigen

This is the intermediate conversion of I^F to I^D antigen.

Antibody I^t reacts most weakly with what RBC?

I^t antigen reacts strongly with what RBC?

this antigen is formed from the conversion of cord i antigen and found only in adult RBC.

most adults phenotype as what I antigen?

what is the rare adult I phenotype?

i adults is when a person has a small amount of I antigen, frequency is less than 1 in ________.

what is the newborn I phenotype of Cord cells?

newborn I phenotype may have a small amount of I antigen in what form?

how long does it take for i to be converted to I antigen in adults?

true or false
amount of I varies between different I⁺ persons.
True False

I/i antigen may change in what three diseases?

What are the five locations of I/i antigen?

what is the antigen that may be a precursor to ABG and Lewis substances?

ABH and Lewis substances created by addition of sugars to what antigen?

what people have more I antigens than other?

what class of antibody are the I/i antibodies?

what are the two I antibodies?

Anti-I is a non-specific _____ agglutinin.

this antibody is most often a _____-antibody in I⁺ people.

true or false
all normal serum contains some anti-I that is active at low temp and causes no in vivo problems.
True False

Anit-I interferes with what three in vitro testings?

Anti-I does not prevent persons from receiving donor units that have what antigen?

Anti-I will hemolyze blood if warmed to what temp?

ISO anti-I in i adults should receive blood from what phenotype?

use of autoabsorption and prewarming techniques should be used for this antibody because it may mask the presence of other more significant antibodies.

what is the optimum temperature for Anti-I?

Anti-I activity is enhanced by what protein?

Anti-I complement binding is detected in what phase?

true or false
Anti-I is naturally occuring
True False

what are four conditions that Anti-i may be seen in?

This I antibody has weak reactions with adult and autologous RBC.

Anti-i has strong reactions with what RBCs?

This cold antibody has the same serological properties as Anti-I.

Anti-P₁ is a _________ antibody.

how much of P₂ population will form Anti-P₁ naturally?

what percent of P₂ pregnant woemn will form Anti-P₁ naturally.

Anti-P is a _____ naturally occurring IgM antibody.

Anti-P is saline reactive at room temp but funtions optimumally at what temp?

Anti-P₁ serum should be transfused with what?

PCH is caused by auto antibody of what specificity?

Anti-P seen in PCH is _____ complement fixing.

what is the name of the autoantibody in PCH?

in PCH, the DL antibody is usually what class?

DL antibody is associated with what five disease states?

what are the six Kell antigens?

The kell blood group system was discovered in 1946 by who?

The Kell blood group was discovered in a woman (Mrs. Kellaher) whose baby was suffering from what disease?

What three Kell antigens occur in 99.9% of people?

What percent of whites and blacks have the K (Kell) antigen?

What percent of whites and blacks have the Kp^a (Penny) antigen?

what percent of whites and blacks have the Js^a antigens?

the Kell system is composed of both ____ and _____ incidence antigens.

what two Kell antigens are very antigenic?

this blood system is second in antigenicity only to ABO and Rh_oD

what percent of K negative patients who receive K positive blood produce Anti-K antibodies?

the phenotype of what blood group is divided into three pairs as determined by allelic paired genes?

what are the four phenotypes of the Kell system?

this is a very rare phenotype where red cells lack all antigens produced by Kell system genes.

This is a phenotype lack of the Kx and Km and marked depression of other Kell antigens. RBC's are irregular shapes and protrusion.

Individuals with McLeods Syndrome show progressive forms of what three things?

This Kell associated disease is known as a childhood disease where leukocytes are unable to kill certain bacteria.

This disease is thought be be caused by a lack of what antigen, especially in children.

this is a fairly common antibody due to antigenicity of K antigen.

most donor blood is negative for which two Kell antibodies?

Kell antibody is most often what class of antibody

Kell antibodies sensitize red cells at what temperature?

what effect does enzyme treatment have on Kell?

this system is second to Rh system in HDN.

in what year was the Duffy blood group discovered in the patient Mr. Duffy?

Fy^a and Fy^b effects what percent of people?

what is the rare duffy phenotype?

what are the three other duffy antigens?

what effect does enzyme treatment have on duffy antigens.

The duffy antigens show some ______.

what duffy phenotype shows resistance to malaria (Plasmodium vivax) merozites?

Each person has ___ duffy genes?

What are the two Duffy antigens?

Duffy system antibodies are ________ immune antibodies.

Duffy system antibodies are what class?

Duffy system antibodies are reactive at what phase?

Duffy system antibodes are capable of cuasing what disease states?

This blood group was discovered in 1951 in an infant suffering from HDN.

what was the patients name that the Kidd blood group was discovered in?

what percent of people have the Jk^a and Jk^b antigens?

What Kidd gene is a silent Amorph?

what Kidd genese are codominant?

what is the Kidd phenotype that is extremely rare in American and European populations?

The Jk^a=b= phenotype is seen in what ethnicities?

Jk^a=b= is a ___________ does of rare Jk gene

Kidd antigens show marked ______.

what reactions would you expect in a patient with Anti-Jk^a who's genotype is:
JK^aJk^a:
Jk^aJk^b:

Kidd antibodies are what class of antibody which react at what temp?

Kidd antibodies are weak reacting antibodies that are detected in what phase?

what effect does enzyme treatment have on Kidd antibodies?

these antibodies deteriorate rapidly in vivo and in vitro.

Kidd antibodies may cause HDN and _______ transfusion reaction.

what are the five antigens seen in the MNS blood group?

This was the second blood group discovered after the ABO group.

the MNS system was discovered in 1927 by who?

What is the Frequency of the M antigen?

What is the frequency of the N antigen?

What is the frequency of the S (Big) antigen?

what is the frequency of the s (small) antigen?

What is the frequency of the U antigen?

in the MNS system, a person inherits one __ or ___ gene and one __ or __ gene from each parent?

in the MNS system the __ gene pair is linked to the __ gene pair.

The MNS system consists of ___________ alleles.

The MNS system shows what kind of dosage?

_____ cells react stronger with Anti-M than M⁺N⁺.

what is the effect of enzyme treatment on the MNS antigen?

what are the three enzymes that will destroy MNS antigens?

MNS antigens have what acid in their structure?

True or false
Anti-M/Anti-N antibodies are naturally occurring IgM.
True False

Anti-M/Anti-N has a component of ____.

reactions of what antibodies are enhanced by lowering the pH to 6.5?

anti-s and Anti-S are reactive in what phase of testing?

Anti-S and is rarely a naturally occurring ___ class antibody, it is mostly an allo-antibody of ___ class.

What antibody of the Ss system is a rare, red cell immune IgG?

This antibody is seen in renal dialysis patiend due to machine sterilized with formaldehyde.

There is a ________ frequency of anti-N.

Anti-N may be seen in __ and ___ patients.

this antibody is implicated in rejection of donor kidneys when transplanted cold.

Source of stimulis for Anti-N is _________.

This blood group was discovered in 1945 in a patient named Lutheran.

What are the two main antigens in the Lutheran blood group?

What are the four low incident Lutheran antigens?

what is the frequency of the Lu^a and Lu^b antigens?

true or false
Lu^a and Lu^b are not codominant
True False

The genes of the Lutheran system are linked to what genes of the ABH system?

this blood group was the first example of autosomal linkage in humans.

what is the frequency of the phenotype Lu^a+b=?

What is the frequency of the phenotype Lu^a+b+?

What is the frequency of the phenotype Lu^a=b+?

What is the rare phenotype in the lutheran system?

the _______ of lutheran antigens varies between people.

Lutheran antigens are not fully ________ at birth.

what is the effect of enzyme treatment on Lutheran antigens?

this lutheran phenotype may form antibody against any high incident antigens.

Anti-Lu^a is a naturally occurring IgM antibody that shows what type of reactions?

Anti-Lu^a is saline active, mostly at what temperature?

Most Anti-Lu^b antibodies are ______ red cell immune antibodies

Anti-Lu^b are what class of antibodies?

Antigens in this system function in self/non-self discrimination.

what are the four locations of HLA system antigens?

Leukocytes carry what six leukocyte antigens?

Antigens and genes in the HLA system are designated by what?

These are antigens produced by a series of closely linked codominant alleles located on Human Chromosome 6.

HLA system genes are located in what three classes fot he MHC?

MHC has how many possible haplotypes?

What are the four HLA antigens tested for organ transplantation?

Bone Marrow Transplant candidate donors and recipients are tested for what five HLA antigens?

in what Blood group may platelet refractoriness develop?

use of this blood group in paternity testing can rule out 90-95% of falsely accused males?

Ankylosing Spondylitis is associated with what blood group?

HLA antibodies are what class?

HLA antibodies are found in what four people?

What are three problems caused by Leukocyte antibodies?

This determines the antigen present on the RBC.

Phenotyping tests for agglutination of ____ with commercially prepared reagent antisera.

What type of cells should be used as a control for phenotyping?

What is the only IgM antibody that will react in all phases of Coombs testing?

What are the seven IgM antibodies?

What class of antibodies can cross the placenta and cause HDN?

What is the enzyme treatment made from Figs latex?

what is the enzyme treatment made from papaya latex?

Waht ist he enzyme treatment that is extracted from pineapple?

Enzyme treatment destroys what three antigen systems?

Enzyme treatment enhances what five antibodies?

What is the remedy for HLA?

What blood group system will cause febrile transfusion reactions?

Phenotype controls must be heterozygous to detect what?

What are the four complement binding blood groups?

what four blood groups may or may not bind complement?

What blood group will not bind complement?