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name the structures in the brain
- meninges
- medulla [oblongata]
- pons
- cerebrum
- cerebellum
- midbrain
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
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what are meninges
tough, fibrous, this and CSF provide a cusgion for the brain inside the skull
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what does the medulla do
- involuntary actions
- contains cardaic respiratory, vomiting, and vasomotor centres
- deals with autonomic functions of breathing, heart rate + blood pressure
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what does the pons do
- it relays messages from forbrain to cerebellum
- involved in sleep, respiration, hearing, taste, eye movement.
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what is the cerebrum associared with
higher brain function [ thought, action]
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what does the cerebellum do
it coordinates auditory and visual reflexes
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what does the thalamus do
it relays motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex
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what does the hypothalamus do
it controls hormone production and body temperature [homeostasis]
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what is included in the brain stem
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what is included in the hindbrain
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what is the diencephalon
the thalamus and hypothalamus
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what is the blood brain barrier
it is a semipermeable membrane separating the blood from the cerebrospinal fluid
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what does the blood brin barrier block
barrier to the passage of cells, particles and large molecules
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describe the brains endothelial cells
they are intensively interconnected by tight junctions
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what do the tigh junctions prevent
prevent materials diffusing between endothelial cells
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what can diffuse across the membrane
lipid soluble compounds
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[BBB] what pass through channels
water/ ions
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how do water soluble compounds enter
they enter by active or passive transport
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in general only what type of materials can diffuse across the membrane into the brain/spinal cord
only lipid soluble materials
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what is transcytosis
it is a type of transcellular transport in which various macromolecules are transported across the interior of a cell
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describe transcytosis
macromolecules are captured in vesicles on one side of the cell, drawn across the cell and ejected on the other side
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