CH 14 Cancer in Children

What congenital malformation is commonly linked to acute leukemia in children?
A. Down syndrome 
B. Retinoblastoma
C. Wilms tumor
D. Neuroblastoma

When are childhood cancers most often diagnosed?
A. After an acute illness
B. At peak times of physical growth
C. After diagnosis of a chronic illness
D. During infancy 

Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) can result in which type of cancer?
A. Leukemia
B. Lymphoma
C. Vaginal cancer
D. Breast cancer 

Currently, what percentage of children with cancer can be cured?
A. 40% 
B. 60%
C. 80%
D. 50%

Most childhood cancers arise from the:
A. Mesodermal germ layer
B. Embryologic ectodermal layer
C. Epithelium 
D. Viscera

Which form of cancer is linked to congenital malformation syndromes?
A. Wilms tumor 
B. Osteosarcoma
C. Rhabdomyosarcoma
D. Retinoblastoma

Research data support a carcinogenic relationship in children resulting from exposure to
which virus?
A. Epstein-Barr virus
B. Varicella zoster virus
C. Herpes simplex virus 
D. Influenza

A child diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has an increased
risk of developing:
A. Epstein-Barr
B. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 
C. Retinoblastoma
D. Leukemia

Which intervention has the greatest affect on a child’s mortality rate when diagnosed with
cancer?
A. Parental involvement in the treatment planning
B. Proximity to a major cancer treatment center
C. Age at the time of diagnosis
D. Participation in clinical trials

Which statement is likely true regarding children being treated for cancer with radiation
therapy?
A. They are at increased risk for developing adult cancers.
B. They will most likely have a successful remission of tumor growth.
C. They are prone to experience severe developmental delays.
D. They seldom require follow-up maintenance treatments.

How should the nurse reply when a parent questions why a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head was not ordered for their 5-year-old child after a minor fall?
A. Physicians are cautious about ordering CT scan on children younger than 10 years of age.
B. CT scans are seldom conclusive when used to diagnosis head injuries in young children.
C. Research suggests that repeated CT scans can increase the risk of developing brain cancer.
D. The child’s symptoms will determine whether a CT scan is necessary and worth the expense.

Childhood exposure to the following risk factors increases the susceptibility for developing cancers except for which? 
A. Chemotherapy
B. Ionizing radiation
C. Hodgkin disease
D. Cigarette smoke

Which statement is true concerning the difference between adult and childhood cancers?
A. Childhood cancers are far less likely to be associated with genetic mutations.
B. Exposure to pesticides is a minor risk for the development of adult cancers.
C. Environmental risks are strongly associated with childhood cancers.
D. Maternal exposure to carcinogenic substances presents little risk to the fetus.

Most childhood cancers originate from the mesodermal germ layer that ultimately produces the following except for which one?
A. Connective tissue
B. Muscles
C. Blood
D. Kidneys
E. Digestive system

Which statement is false regarding cancers that develop in children? 
A. Childhood cancer generally metastasizes by the time of diagnosis.
B. Childhood cancer is typically at low risk for aggressive metastasis.
C. Childhood cancers tend to be fast growing.
D. Childhood cancers are diagnosed during growth spurts.

The nurse is preparing a discussion on cancer and its occurrence among college-aged students. Which cancer will the nurse exclude from the discussion? 
A. Breast
B. Testicular
C. Thyroid
D. Colorectal
E. Lung