CH 19 Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, and Obsessive-Compulsive Dis

Which would be considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
A. Blunted affect 
B. Poverty of speech
C. Auditory hallucinations
D. Lack of social interaction

The onset of schizophrenia can be triggered by which prenatal occurrence?
A. Exposure to toxic waste
B. Maternal depression
C. Maternal smoking
D. Viral infection 

Which neurotransmitter is reduced in people with schizophrenia?
A. Gamma-aminobutyric acid
B. Serotonin
C. Acetylcholine
D. Dopamine 

Alterations in which part of the brain are linked to hallucinations, delusions, and thought
disorders associated with schizophrenia?
A. Parietal lobe 
B. Temporal lobe
C. Hypothalamus
D. Limbic system

What data confer the link between bipolar disorders and schizophrenia?
A. Individuals with schizophrenia who exhibit psychotic behaviors have deficits in serotonin linked to genetic loci located on chromosome 16.
B. Individuals with bipolar disorder who exhibit psychotic behaviors have deficits in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) linked to genetic loci located on chromosome 20.
C. Individuals with bipolar disorder who exhibit psychotic behaviors have deficits in reelin expression linked to genetic loci located on chromosome 22.
D. Individuals with schizophrenia who exhibit psychotic behaviors have deficits in reelin expression linked to genetic loci located on chromosome 18.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system abnormalities exist in a large percentage of
individuals with:
A. Schizophrenia 
B. Mania
C. Panic disorder
D. Major depression

The common property among the three types of medications used to treat depression is
that they:
A. Decrease neurotransmitter levels within the synapse.
B. Decrease neurotransmitter levels in the postsynapse.
C. Increase neurotransmitter levels within the synapse.
D. Increase neurotransmitter levels in the presynapse.

The link between major depression and cortisol secretion is that individuals with depression:
a. Show suppression of plasma cortisol when given dexamethasone.
b. Have a decreased plasma cortisol level, despite the administration of exogenous
corticosteroids.
c. Show that persistently elevated plasma cortisol levels can result in inflammation that is believed to trigger depression.
d. Have normal plasma cortisol levels throughout the day when they take antidepressant medication as prescribed.

When treating individuals with depression, the result produced by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is believed to be an alteration in:
A. Norepinephrine
B. The monoamine systems 
C. Serotonin
D. The limbic system

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used to treat depression:
A. That is unipolar
B. As a first-line treatment before medications
C. In pregnant women
D. By enhancing the effect of antidepressants

Significant numbers of individuals with depression have problems related to the following except for:
A. Thyroid function
B. Sleep cycles
C. Cognitive skills
D. Weight stabilization
E. Eating patterns

Which neurotransmitter is inhibited in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)? (Select all that
apply.)
a. Acetylcholine
b. Serotonin
c. Dopamine
d. Norepinephrine
e. Epinephrine

What are the most common side effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?
(Select all that apply.)
a. Orthostatic hypotension
b. Dry mouth
c. Sleep disturbances
d. Agitation
e. Nausea

Fluent speech is difficult to comprehend.
A. Delusions
B. Hallucinations
C. Formal thought disorder
D. Avolition
E. Anhedonia
F. Alogia

Spontaneous speech is absent.
A. Formal thought disorder
B. Hallucinations
C. Anhedonia
D. Avolition
E. Delusions
F. Alogia

Condition is characterized by a deficit in spontaneous or goal-directed activities.
A. Delusions
B. Alogia
C. Avolition
D. Hallucinations
E. Anhedonia
F. Formal thought disorder

Parents report their 3-week-old infant who eats well and has gained weight began to have projectile vomiting for no apparent reason. What treatment option does the healthcare professional prepare to educate the parents on?