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In the fluid Mosaic model of cell membranes, the cell membrane has two layers of blank molecules with interspersed blank molecules
phospholipid, protein
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By saying that cell membranes are plastic, we mean that they can blank
change shape
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Cell membranes are selectively blank,(or semipermeable), meaning that only certain substances are allowed to pass through them into and out of the cell
permeable
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the blank is the control center of the cell
nucleus
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DNA makes up the blank that govern the inheritance of physical characteristics
genes
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blank contains DNA that has the genetic code to determine the structure of proteins within cells
chromosomes
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DNA and its associated proteins together is called blank
chromatin
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the blank in the nucleus of the cell contains RNA and protein
nucleolus
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The material inside of a cell between the outer membrane, and the nuclear membrane is called blank
cytoplasm
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Hammerling discovered that the blank controlled the physical traits of a cell
nucleus
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he used green algae, called blank
acetabulariu
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he used two different species of these algae a mediterranea and a crenulata if he took the nucleus of a mediterranea and the stalk of crenulata a new cap would be regenerated that blank
had characteristics of both species
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then, when he cut off the cap of the newly formed algae, the new cap that grew matched the cap of blank
a. mederranea
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Hans Spemann found that the blank of the newt salamander Embryo cell, determined what the new salamander would look like
nucleus
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he demonstrated after several cell divisions that the resulting cells have just as much genetic blank as the original cell
information
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by diffusion molecules move from where they are blank, concentrated to where they are blank, concentrated
more less
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water is a blank,(other molecules will dissolve into. It) and what dissolves into it is called the blank
solvent sulute
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The process of blank involves water diffusing across the cell membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
osmosis
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physiological saline has blank percent NaCl the same as a living cell it is called and blank or blank solution, because it is the same concentration on both sides of the cell membrane
0.9 isotonic isosmotric
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distilled water is blank or blank to the solution inside a cell
hypotonic hyperosmotic
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10% NaCl is called blank or blank when contrasted with the solution inside a cell
hypertonic and hyperosmotic
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when a cell is placed in distilled water, it will blank
swell up and burst
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this is because more water diffuses from blank of the cell to the blank of the cell
outside, inside
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when a cell is placed in 10% NaCl, it will lose water and blank
shrivel up
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this is because water diffuses blank of the cell faster than it diffuses blank the cell
out, into
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The water pressure in a cell is called blank blank
turgor pressure
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blank blank is more specialized proteins in the cell membrane move molecules into an out of cells
active transport
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some of the proteins embedded in the two phospholipid layers of the cell membranes are called blank, blank
membrane pumps
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an example is the blank-blank, blank, blank in the cell membranes of neurons
sodium-potassium, exchange pumps
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when energy is released from ATP molecules, the ATP molecules become blank, blank, (ADP) blank and blank.
adenosine diphosphate, phosphate, energy
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when a nerve impulse passes down a neurons membrane, the protein gates, allow blank ions to enter the cell
Na+
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The outside of the cell membrane becomes blank charge, and the inside becomes blank charged
positive, negative
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afterward, the protein pump pumps blank back out of the cell and blank ions back into the cell
3Na+, 2k+
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between nerve impulses, the outer surface of the membrane is blank, charged and the inner surface of the membrane is blank charged.
positive, negative
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