Which pathway carries sensory information toward the central nervous system (CNS)?
A.
Peripheral nerve pathways can be afferent (ascending) pathways that carry sensory impulses toward the CNS
Which type of axon transmits a nerve impulse at the highest rate?
B.
If the myelin layer is tightly wrapped many times around the axon and is forming the
nodes of Ranvier, then conduction velocity increases and the neuron is referred to as
myelinated. The increased diameter of the myelinated axons allows for the transmission of
impulses at a faster rate.
Which nerves are capable of regeneration?
C.
Nerve regeneration is limited to only myelinated fibers and generally occurs only in the
peripheral nervous system.
The neurotransmitter, norepinephrine, is secreted in the:
B.
Most postganglionic sympathetic fibers release norepinephrine (adrenaline).
Both oligodendroglia and Schwann cells share the ability to:
C.
The function of oligodendroglia (oligodendrocytes) is to deposit myelin within the central
nervous system (CNS). Oligodendroglia are the CNS counterpart of Schwann cells.
During a synapse, what change occurs after the neurotransmitter binds to the receptor?
a. The permeability of the presynaptic neuron changes; consequently, its membrane
potential is changed as well.
b. The permeability of the postsynaptic neuron changes; consequently, its membrane
potential is changed as well.
c. The postsynaptic cell prevents any change in permeability and destroys the action
potential.
d. The presynaptic cell synthesizes and secretes additional neurotransmitters.
B.
What name is given to a large network of neurons within the brainstem that is essential for
maintaining wakefulness?
D.
Thought and goal-oriented behaviors are functions of which area of the brain?
B.
The prefrontal area is responsible for goal-oriented behavior (i.e., ability to concentrate),
short-term or recall memory, and the elaboration of thought and inhibition on the limbic
(emotional) areas of the CNS.
The region responsible for the motor aspects of speech is located in the:
C.
Parkinson and Huntington diseases are associated with defects in which area of the brain?
A.
Maintenance of a constant internal environment and the implementation of behavioral
patterns are main functions of which area of the brain?
A.
Hypothalamic function falls into two major areas: (1) maintenance of a constant internal
environment, and (2) implementation of behavioral patterns.
The ability of the eyes to track moving objects through a visual field is primarily a
function of which colliculi?
B.
What parts of the brain mediate the expression of affect, both emotional and behavioral states?
a. Hypothalamus and subthalamus
b. Parietal and frontal lobes
c. Limbic system and prefrontal cortex
d. Basal ganglia and medulla oblongata
C
Reflex activities concerned with heart rate, blood pressure, respirations, sneezing,
swallowing, and coughing are controlled by which area of the brain?
C.
From which part of the midbrain do cranial nerves V to VIII emerge?
A.
(see Table 15-6 for discussion)
From which part of the midbrain do cranial nerves IX to XII emerge?
B.
(see Table 15-6 for discussion)
Which area of the brain assumes the responsibility for conscious and unconscious muscle
synergy and for maintaining balance and posture?
A.
Which statement is true regarding upper motor neurons?
A.
Upper motor neurons (i.e., corticospinal tract) are the classification of motor pathways
completely contained within the CNS. Their primary roles include directing, influencing, and modifying reflex arcs, lower-level control centers, and motor and some sensory neurons.
The membrane that separates the brain’s cerebellum from its cerebrum is the:
B.
The function of arachnoid villi is to:
C.
Where is the cerebrospinal fluid produced?
C.
The choroid plexuses are the structures that produce CSF; they arise from the pia mater.
Which of the meninges closely adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord and
follows the sulci and fissures?
B.
Norepinephrine produces what primary response?
a. Increased contractility of the heart
b. Release of renin from the kidney
c. Vasoconstriction
d. Pupillary dilation
C.
The primary response from norepinephrine is the stimulation of the alpha 1-adrenergic
receptors that cause vasoconstriction.
What is an effect of the sympathetic nervous system?
A.
In general, sympathetic stimulation promotes responses that are concerned with the
protection of the individual, which include increased blood sugar levels, temperature, and blood pressure.
The brain receives approximately what percentage of the cardiac output?
A.
The collateral blood flow to the brain is provided by the:
D.
The arterial circle (circle of Willis) (see Figure 15-20) is a structure credited with the ability to compensate for reduced blood flow from any one of the major contributors (collateral blood flow).
The nurse recognizes that a patient’s diagnosis of a viral infection of the brain’s meningeal
layer is supported by which diagnostic laboratory result?
C.
Viral infections causing meningitis will produce a white blood cell (leukocyte) count greater than 10/mm 3.
The chloride level is observed in tuberculous meningitis
the glucose level is observed in patients with acute bacterial meningitis
Which cranial nerve does not contain parasympathetic nerves?
B.
The sympathetic nervous system primarily serves to protect an individual by doing the following except for?
C.
The aging process brings about the following changes to human cells except for?
E.
Which statement is false regarding the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?
D.
A nurse caring for an older adult patient would expect which functional changes to occur?
(Select all that apply.)
a. Increased risk for falls
b. Loss of muscle in the arms and legs
c. Decrease in the need for social interaction
d. Increased agitation and frustration levels
a, b
What evidence does the nurse NOT expect to see when a patient experiences trauma to the
hypothalamus? (Select all that apply.)
C.
A Schwann cell does the following except for:
E.
35. Glossopharyngeal nerve
B.
36. Oculomotor nerve
C.
38. Abducens nerve
E.
39. Trigeminal nerve
D.
37. Trochlear nerve
C.
40. Hypoglossal nerve
B.
41. Vagus nerve
C.
42. Spinal accessory nerve
E.
43. Olfactory nerve
D.
44. Vestibulocochlear nerve
C.
The _______ nervous system consists of motor and sensory pathways regulating voluntary motor control of skeletal muscle.
B.
Which type of cell provides structural support, protection, and nutrition for neurons, as well as facilitates neurotransmission.
D.
Neuroglial cells include all of the following except for:
A.
there are three types of neurons, not including which one:
A.
Which glial cell appears to be the scar-forming cells of the CNS, participates in CNS immune function, and works with neurons in processing information and memory storage?
A.
Which glial cells are responsible for clearing cellular debris (phagocytic properties)?
B.
Which glial cells serve as a lining for ventricles and choroid plexuses involved in production of CSF?
C.
Common neurotransmitters include the following except for:
C.
Diencephalon include the following except for:
A.
This area is responsible for reception and interpretation of speech, and dysfunction may result in receptive aphasia or dysphasia
B.
Which neurons are completely contained within the CNS; their primary roles are controlling fine motor movement and influencing spinal reflex arcs?
C.
Which neurons directly influence muscles?
B.
Endothelial cells in brain capillaries with their intracellular tight junctions are the site of:
B.
Author
BodeS
ID
362915
Card Set
CH 15 Structure and Function of the Neurologic System