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SPAN 300 - (C19 - The present perfect & past perfect)

  1. Pretérito perfecto compuesto (The present perfect)
    • Used to talk about what:
    • --someone has done
    • --what has happened

    • In Spanish, it is formed with the present indicative of the auxiliary (helping) verb "haber" + regular past participle of the main verb
    •  --¿(Tú/Vos) Has leído este libro? (Have you read this book?)
    • --(Usted, él, ella) Ha leído
    • --(Yo) He leído
    • --(Nosotros/as) Hemos leído
    • --(Vosotros/as) Habéis leído
    • --(Ustedes, ellos/as) Han leído
  2. Regular past participles
    Most Spanish verbs have regular past participle

    • ~Perfect Present~
    • -ar ending verbs: -ado -er and -ir ending verbs: -ido
      hablar querer / venir
      hablado querido / venido
  3. In present perfect, the past participle always ends in "-o". True or False?
    True; hablado, querido, venido
  4. Unlike in English, in Spanish, no word can come between "haber" + past participle
    • English = Present indicative + Objective/reflexive pronouns + regular past participle
    •      (have always worked)
    •      (Lucas has overslept)

    Spanish = Objective/reflexive pronouns (must always come before "haber") + present indicative + regular past participle

    •      (Siempre he trabajado)
    •      (Lucas se ha quedado)
  5. Regular past participles in present perfect: er/ir verbs and accents added to "a, e, or o" ending = "-ído"
    • When verb stems (creer = cre-/ oír = o-) end in "a, e, or o," written accent must be added to participle forming -ído = creído
    • (tra - ido = traído)

    --Combo of u+i usually forms diphthong (construido, huido); doesn't have accent added
  6. Irregular past participles
    • Many verbs have irregular past participle; most irregular past participles end in -to
    • **Infinitive verbs (they are "to do..." kinds of verbs, like "to open/abrir")
    • **Verbs (can be opposites/new words) derived/derivatives from these infinitives have same irregularity in past participle

    Infinitive Irreg. past participle
    abrir abierto
    cubrir/descubrir cubierto/descubierto
    decir/contradecir dicho/contradicho
    describir descrito
    escribir escrito
    hacer/deshacer hecho/deshecho
    morir muerto
    poner/suponer puesto/supuesto
    resolver resuelto
    romper roto
    satisfacer satisfecho
    ver visto
    volver/devolver vuelto/devuelto


    "Las tiendas no han abierto todavía."
  7. Two equally accepted past participles: Words that have regular & irregular form
    • Both can be used to form compound tenses & passive sentences
    • **There are also derivatives that share in these forms
    • **In Spanish-speaking countries, irregular participles "frito, impreso, and provisto" are becomong more common than regular

    Infinitive  Regular  Irregular
    freír (to fry)/refreír/sofreír  freído/a  frito/a
    imprimir (to print)/reimprimir/sobreimprimir  imprimido/a  impreso/a
    proveer (to provide)/desproveer  proveído  provisto


    • "El chef ha frito las cebollas"
    • "Las cebollas han sido fritas por el chef."
    • "El secretario ha impreso la agenda."
    • "La agenda ha sido impresa por el secretario."
  8. Only irregular forms can function as adjectives. True or False?
    • True; "las papas fritas" (Latin America)
    • "las patatas fritas" (Spain)
    • "los documentos impresos (printed)"
    • "los unifromes provistos (prepared)"
  9. Use of present perfect
    • Life experiences
    • --These are often used; describe life experiences up to the present moment
    • --Usually, context implies the point in time when the adverb is not stated
    •      ¿Has viajado en barco alguna vez?
    •      Nunca he probado el alcohol.
    •      Hasta ahora/hoy, todo ha salido bien.
    •      ¡En mi vida he estudiado tanto!
    •      Amy hace un café delicioso, ¿lo has probado (alguna vez)?
    • Incomplete actions
    • --Present perfect is used w/ "todavía no" to express actions not yet complete
    •      ¿No has salido todavía?
    •      No, todavía no he salido.

    • Continuous actions
    • --These time expressions are used w/ present perfect to extend action into present
    •      Siempre te he querido.
    •      Hemos ido al cine muchas veces/todos los días.
  10. Use of present perfect in regional differences
  11. El pretérito pluscuamperfecto (The past perfect)
    • Used to talk about what:
    • --someone had done
    • --what had happened...before another action/condition in the past

    Formed using imperfect of "haber" + Regular past participle of main verb:

    • --(Tú/Vos) Habías hablado (You had talked.)
    • --(Usted, él, ella) Había hablado
    • --(Yo) Había hablado
    • --(Nosotros/as) Habíamos hablado
    • --(Vosotros/as) Habíais hablado
    • --(Ustedes, ellos/as) Habían hablado
  12. Use of past perfect
    • Q&A w/ "ya; todavía no" in the past
    • --Often used w/ past perfect (pretérito pluscuamperfecto) to indicate the order of past actions
    • --These adverbs (antes, aún, nunca, todavía, and ya), as well as pronouns & the word *no, can't come between "haber" + past participle; must come before "haber", but exception for adverbs to come before "haber" or after the participle
    •      --¿(Tú) Ya habías estudiado español cuando viajaste a Santiago?
    •      --Claro, (yo) ya había estudiado español y sabía bastante.
    •      --Cuando llegué a Santiago, (yo) no había estudiado español todavía.
    •      

    • Indirect discourse
    • During indirect discourse, the preterite (simple past tense/form) becomes the past perfect
    •      Camilo dijo: "(Yo) Vi  los fiordos chilenos".
    •      Camilo me contó que (él) habia visto los fiordos chilenos.
Author
tatiyvonne
ID
362788
Card Set
SPAN 300 - (C19 - The present perfect & past perfect)
Description
SPAN 300 - (C19 - The present perfect & past perfect)
Updated

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