The study nature of matter, how matter is put together and how the building blocks interact
What phyical states does matter exists
Solid, liquid, and gas
Solids have
A definite shape and volume
Liquids have
A definite volume, but not a definite shape. They conform to the shape of its container
Gas has
No definite shape or volume
T/F Physical changes do not alter the basic nature of a substance
True water is still water no matter what state it is in
Do chemical changes alter the nature of a substance
Yes,the chemical breakdown of foods in your stomach and grapes into wine
What has no mass or takes up space
Energy
How do we measure energy
By its effects on matter
Kinetic energy
Energy in motion
Potential energy
Stored energy, like a battery
What are the 4 types of energy
Chemical, electrical, mechanical, and radiant
Chemical energy are stored in
The bonds of chemical substances (potential energy), break the bond and it becomes kinetic energy
Electrical energy results from
The movement of electrical charges
Ions
Charged particles
Nerve impulse
Electrical currents used by the nervous system to transmit messages from 1 part of the body to another part of the body
Mechanical energy is
Energy directly involved in moving matter, like walking
Radiant energy travels
In waves
ATP
Adenosine TriPhospate the energy converter
What is ATP
High energy chemical where the chemical energy of food is stored
Thermal energy
Heat
ATP may convert to
Either electrical or mechanical energy as needed
Heat or thermal energy is
A byproduct of all conversion energy
An element is
A unique substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by chemical methods
What 4 elements make up 96% of the body
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen
Periodic table
An odd shape checker board table that lists all known elements that have been discovered to this date
Elements are made up of
Atoms
Atomic symbol
The chemical shorthand for an element
Atoms are made up of
Protons (p+), electrons (e-), and neutrons (n°)
Since all protons are alike, as well as all neutrons and electrons are alike what determines the unique properties of the elements
The number and combination of protons, neutrons, and electrons
Atomic number
The number given to each element; this number also matches the number of protons in the element
Atomic mass
The sum of all the protons and neutrons of an element
Isotopes
The variations of an element, most elements have 2 or more isotopes
What is the difference between isotopes of an element
The number of neutrons, the number of protons and electrons stay the same throughout the isotopes of an element
Atomic weight
Atomic mass, usually the weight is set by the heaviest isotope if the element
Radioactivity
The process of spontaneous decay seen in some of the heavier isotopes, during which particles or energy is emitted from the atomic nucleus, resulting in a more stable isotope
Radioisotope
An isotope that exhibits radioactivity
Molecule
The chemical combination of 2 or more atoms of the same element or a combination of different elements
Reactants
The atoms taking place in the chemical reaction of a molecule
Molecular formula
The atomic makeup of a molecule
Chemical equation
The chemical reaction
Compound
2 or more different atoms bound together
Chemical equation subscript use
To denote a chemical bond between 2 or more of the same type of atoms