method in which the drugs are dispensed to all patients from the same containers
Stock Drug Method
a method in which drugs are individually wrapped and labeled for single doses for each patient
Unit Dose Method
A principle of which is the individual having the knowledge necessary to
make a decision
Informed Consent
the process of comparing a patient’s medication orders to all of the medications that the patient has been taking; the purpose is to avoid errors (e.g., omissions, duplications, dosing errors, drug interactions).
Medication Reconciliation
Follow specific information on the drug label or drug insert. Unless specifically instructed, it is okay to flush medications down the toilet, where they will be absorbed by the environment and consumed by humans and animals. True or False?
False. DO NOT dlush medications down the toilet.
It is recommended that you remove the drug from its original container and dispose of it in a sealed bag with an undesirable substance such as used cat litter or used coffee grounds. This method is intended to make
medications less attractive to people and animals. True or False?
True
Before disposing of medication containers, all identifying information should be removed or obscured. True or False?
True
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) _________________ resulted from the American Nurses Association’s (ANA) campaign, Safe Needles Save Lives.
Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act of 2000
Do not crush any medication that has the suffixes ______________________; these are extended-release or sustained-release drugs, and crushing will change the location and speed of absorption.
ER, SR, XR, SA, CR, MR, XL
(FDA Pregnancy Category) No risk to fetus. Studies have not shown evidence of fetal harm.
Pregnancy Category A
(FDA Pregnancy Category) No risk in animal studies, and well-controlled studies in pregnant women are not available. It is assumed there is little to no risk in pregnant women.
Pregnancy Category B
(FDA Pregnancy Category) Animal studies indicate a risk to the fetus. Controlled studies on pregnant women are not available. Risk versus benefit of the drug must be determined.
Pregnancy Category C
(FDA Pregnancy Category) A risk to the human fetus has been proved. Risk versus benefit of the drug must be determined. It could be used in life-threatening conditions.
Pregnancy Category D
(FDA Pregnancy Category) A risk to the human fetus has been proved. Risk outweighs the benefit, and drug should be avoided during pregnancy.
Pregnancy Category X
High-Alert Medications
1. IV adrenergic agents
2. IV adrenergic antagonists
3. IV antiarrhythmics
4. IV inotropic agents
5. IV moderate sedation agents
6. anesthetic agents
7. antithrombotic agents
8. cardioplegic solutions
9. chemotherapeutic agents,
10. dextrose (hypertonic >20%)
11. dialysis solutions
12. epidural or intrathecal agents
13. Hypoglycemics
14. liposomal forms of drugs
15. moderate sedation agents
16. narcotics/opiates
17. neuromuscular blocking agents
18. IV radiocontrast agents
19. total parenteral nutrition solutions
20. sterile water for injection inhalation and irrigation in containers of >100 mL
21. sodium chloride for injection (hypertonic, >0.9% concentration)
When ordering drugs, make sure the spelling of the drug is correct, and be extremely careful when administering drugs whose names look alike. True or False?
True
(Example of drugs that have names that sound alike) Quinidine and Quinine. _______ is an antiarrhythmic drug, and _______ is an antimalarial drug. Read the drug label three times before pouring the drug.
Quinidine, quinine
(Example of drugs that have names that sound alike) Hydroxyzine and Hydralazine. __________ is an antihypertensive drug, and _______ is an antianxiety drug.
Hydralazine, hydroxyzine
study boxes 12-1, 12-2, 12-3
OKEMS
__________ means that the nurse gives the patient the appropriate medications and instructions that are kept at the bedside and then go home with the patient on discharge. Patients are responsible for taking their medication according to the instructions.
SAM, Self-Administration of Medication
A variety of forms and routes are used for the administration of medications, including:
