Bio 20-1 chapter 3, cycling matter in the biosphere

• -Time
• -Temp
• -Water
• -Oxygen
• -Fire

1.Rain causes tiny rocks to peel off mountains and roll into rivers, which lead into runoff lakes. This creates a phosphate solution, with new rocks from sedimentation going to the top

2.Plants absorb phosphorus from soil, then are decomposed or eaten, decomposers then put the phosphorus back into the soil.

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient found in DNA. Does not go through the atmosphere

causes algal blooms which block out sunlight for plants, resulting in less o2

• 1.Nitrogen Fixing bacteria: turns nitrogen gas and ammonia into Nitrates
• 2.Legume bacteria: bacteria on the roots of legume plants, turns nitrogen gas into nitrates
• 3.nitrifying bacteria: turns ammonia and ammonium into nitrites then nitrates
• 4. Denittrifying bacteria: turn no3 in the soil back into nitrogen gas

Allowing oxygen into your lawn to stop denitrifying bacteria. (it hates oxygen). This keeps the lawn green.

NO3 in the soil is converted back into nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria

Ammonium and Ammonia in the soil is converted to nitrites (NO2) and then into nitrates (NO3) by nitrifying bacteria

Dead Plants and Animals are decomposed and return to the soil as NH3(ammonia) and turned into NH4(ammonium) by bacteria.

Nitrogen gas absorbed into soil is converted into ammonium (NH4) which is then taken by plants and turned into NO3

• 1.Lighting fuses nitrogen gas with h2o, making nitrates
• 2.Nitrogen gas is absorbed into soil, and then is turned into nh4, ammonium which is taken by plants and turned into no3 (assimilation)
• 3.Nitrogen gas is absorbed by soil and the bacteria on legume plants and is turned into no3 for the plant to use.

Found mostly in the atmosphere, but is a useless substance. It can be absorbed by soil and changed by bacteria to create no3, useful

Usually, carbon dioxide levels change little year to year, originally however, earth's atmosphere was high in co2. Along with this, the earth's temp would be very high, this was because the first living organisms consumed co2 and made methane. The greenhouse gases got so high, they began to block the sunlight, resulting in a decreases of methane, balancing things out. This created room for photosynthetic bacteria, which gave us o2 to breathe

How much a surface reflects light back into the sky, dark things absorb more, light things reflect. Snow and ice have high albedo, without them, the earth will heat up more (forests also have a high albedo)

A sink is where we store carbon dioxide that's out of the atmosphere. A source releases it back into the atmosphere

A sink for organic carbon, has little decomposition due to acid.

Stored in the bodies of organic things, when we die and decompose, the carbon is returned to the cycle as inorganic

Stored in the earth's atmosphere and oceans

(carbon dioxide) released from cellular respiration, turned into organic carbon through plants and animals

Found in plants and animals, turned into co2(inorganic carbon during cellular respiration)

Rain made from carbon monoxide released into the atmosphere, it kills fish, plants and soil bacteria

Releases carbon monoxide along with sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere. This causes acid rain

groundwater

As water flows through soil, it absorbs its nutrients

Underground water

Where water can flow underground no more

Water being evaporated through tiny pores on leaves.

The force that pulls water molecules down in the earth, and the speed in which it travels through a substance. A substance with bigger chunks is easier to move through.

allows water molecules to stick to other surfaces without bonding (water droplets)

force that pulls water molecules together

it takes alot of energy to break the hydrogen bonds

Most substances solid version is heavier than the liquid version.

A polar molecule, one side is positive, and the other negative

• 1.Water exists in all three states
• 2.Frozen water floats
• 3.Water has high melting and boiling points
• 4.Water has high surface tension