The effects of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion
include solute:
B.
The symptoms of SIADH secretion are a result of dilutional hyponatremia and water
retention.
The common cause of elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion is:
D.
ADH is a substance produced naturally by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland
Which laboratory value would the nurse expect to find if a person is experiencing
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?
C.
A diagnosis of SIADH requires a serum sodium level of less than 135 mEq/L, serum hypoosmolality less than 280 mOsm/kg, and urine hyperosmolarity
Diabetes insipidus is a result of:
A.
A patient who is diagnosed with a closed head injury has a urine output of 6 to 8 L/day.
Electrolytes are within normal limits, but his antidiuretic hormone (ADH) level is low.
Although he has had no intake for 4 hours, no change in his polyuria level has occurred.
These symptoms support a diagnosis of:
C.
Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
all exhibit which symptom?
C.
The cause of neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI) is related to an organic lesion of the:
B.
Neurogenic DI is a result of dysfunctional antidiuretic hormone synthesis, caused by a lesion of the posterior pituitary, hypothalamus, or pituitary stalk
Which form of diabetic insipidus (DI) will result if the target cells for antidiuretic hormone
(ADH) in the renal collecting tubules demonstrate insensitivity?
C.
Which laboratory value is consistently low in a patient with diabetes insipidus (DI)?
C.
The basic criteria for diagnosing DI include a low urine-specific gravity while sodium levels are high.
Which form of diabetes insipidus (DI) is treatable with exogenous antidiuretic hormone
(ADH)?
B.
Which condition may result from pressure exerted by a pituitary tumor?
A.
If the tumor exerts sufficient pressure, then thyroid and adrenal hypofunction may occur because of lack of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
The term used to describe a person who experiences a lack of all hormones associated with the anterior pituitary is:
a. Panhypopituitarism
b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
deficiency
c. Hypopituitarism
d. Anterior pituitary failure
a
Visual disturbances are a result of a pituitary adenoma because of the:
B.
Which disorder is considered a co-morbid condition of acromegaly?
A.
Which disorder is caused by hypersecretion of the growth hormone (GH) in adults?
C.
Acromegaly is a term for adults who have been exposed to continuously high levels of GH, whereas the term giantism is reserved for children and adolescents.
Giantism occurs only in children and adolescents because their:
A.
Amenorrhea, galactorrhea, hirsutism, and osteoporosis are each caused by a:
C.
Graves disease develops from a(n):
D.
Pathologic changes associated with Graves disease include:
B.
The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in individuals with Graves disease is usually:
C.
The hyperfunction of the thyroid gland leads to suppression of TSH because of the normal negative feedback mechanism
Palpation of the neck of a person diagnosed with Graves disease would detect a thyroid
that is:
A.
Diagnosing a thyroid carcinoma is best performed with:
D.
The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is:
A.
The most probable cause of low serum calcium after a thyroidectomy is:
D.
A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values:
arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dl; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum
potassium (K+) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na+) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he has
been sick with the “flu” for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin
deficiency?
a. Increased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the intravascular to the
intracellular space.
b. Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and
osmotic diuresis.
c. Increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss, and
metabolic alkalosis.
d. Decreased glucose use results in protein catabolism, tissue wasting, respiratory
acidosis, and electrolyte loss.
b
Polyuria occurs with diabetes mellitus because of the:
B.
Glucose accumulates in the blood and appears in the urine as the renal threshold for glucose is exceeded, producing an osmotic diuresis and the symptoms of polyuria and thirst
A person diagnosed with type 1 diabetes experiences hunger, lightheadedness, tachycardia,
pallor, headache, and confusion. The most probable cause of these symptoms is:
C.
Which serum glucose level would indicate hypoglycemia in a newborn?
D.
Serum glucose <30 mg/dl in newborn (first 2 to 3 days) and <55 to 60 mg/dl in adults is associated with hypoglycemia
When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and
hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS), which condition is
associated with only DKA?
C.
Hypoglycemia, followed by rebound hyperglycemia, is observed in those with:
C.
The first laboratory test that indicates type 1 diabetes is causing the development of
diabetic nephropathy is:
D.
What causes the microvascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus?
B.
Microvascular complications are a result of capillary basement membranes thickening and endothelial cell hyperplasia
Retinopathy develops in patients with diabetes mellitus because:
C.
A person has acne, easy bruising, thin extremities, and truncal obesity. These clinical
manifestations are indicative of which endocrine disorder?
D.
A person may experience which complications as a result of a reduction in parathyroid hormone (PTH), except for which?
C.
Symptoms associated with hypoparathyroidism are related to hypocalcemia.
A chronic complication of diabetes mellitus is likely to result in microvascular
complications in which areas? (Select all that apply.)
a. Eyes
b. Coronary arteries
c. Renal system
d. Peripheral vascular system
e. Nerves
ANS: A, C, E
Hypersecretion of thyroid hormone (TH)
D.
Hypersecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
