Substance Use Disorder

Used more than one drug

Adolescents are in a period of brain development where they are especially vulnerable to ______ and __________.

Other factors related to substance use disorder

Individual with _______________ are three times as likely as the general population to use drugs.

______ is associated with alcohol use, particularly among young men.

occurs when the recurrent use of alcohol and/or drugs causes clinically and functionally significant impairment such as health problems, disability, and failure to meet major responsibilities at work, school, or home

Drugs that are misused typically increase the availability of _______ and other neurotransmitters in the limbic system of the brain.

a structure that regulates our ability to feel pleasure and other emotions, both positive and negative

Most of the drugs facilitate transmission of dopamine in the system, leading to _________________.

Some drugs increase the availability of other neurotransmitter, such as __________ and ________________, but the dopamine’s effect on the reward system appears to be pivotal to substance use disorder.

Repeated use of drugs remodels the neural circuitry of the brain cells and reduces the responsiveness of receptors. This decreased the responsiveness leads to _________.

Without drugs, the individual may experience _________, __________, and/or __________.

Refraining from drug use

Strong desire for a drug or for the intoxicating effects of that drug

A condition that results in disturbance in the level of consciousness, cognition, perception, judgment, affect or behavior, or other psychological functions and responses.

Acute treatment for substance use disorder involving supervision, observation, support, intensive education and counseling that involves multidisciplinary treatment interventions

Requiring a significantly increased amount of a drug to achieve the desired effect

A group of symptoms of varying severity that occur upon cessation or reduction of use of a drug that has been taken repeatedly, usually for a prolonged period and/or in high doses; may be accompanied by signs of physiologic disturbances.

None of the 11 criteria for substance use disorder for at least 3 months

Environment where access to any drug is restricted (e.g treatment center or halfway house)

Diminished ability of an individual to control his or her use of a drug in terms of onset, level or termination

Recurrent drug use despite problems at work or school, interpersonal problems, or the cessation of social and recreational activities.

Recurrent drug use despite the difficulty it is causing (e.g driving while intoxicated, liver damage)

A process of change through which an individual improves health and wellness, lives a self-directed life, and strive to reach full potentials.

A return to drug use after a period of abstinence often accompanied by reinstatement of substance use disorder.

Types of substance use disorder

Inhibits the effects if GABA, thereby reducing neurotransmission in the brain.

inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, the enzyme that involved in metabolizing alcohol. Used in people who are newly abstinent.

is a GABA analogue thought to work in the brain to restore the balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition via GABA and glutamate. It should only be used in persons who are abstinent; may be continued through relapse

is a competitive opioid antagonist with a high affinity for mu receptors. Oral form absorbed through the GI tract undergo up to 40% first pass metabolism. A naloxone challenge test may be done before initiating treatment and the patient is observed for an hour

Is the most commonly used recreational drug in the US

Other names for cannabis

Cannabis contains more than 60 related psychoactive chemicals known as __________; the most abundant of these is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Cannabis increases heart rate and may cause ____________, it can cause problem with balance and coordination and learning ability.

Long term use of cannabis is associated with ____________, frequent respiratory infections and exposure to cancer causing compounds because the smoke has many of the same irritating and lung damaging properties as tobacco.

________________ contingency management and _____________________ may be effective in the treatment of cannabis use disorder; however, no medication are currently approved or indicated for this use.

Are controlled substances legally prescribed to treat moderate to severe pain

is the drug of choice in the treatment of respiratory  depression associated with opioid overdose

since 1950s this has been prescribed to treat person’s with OUD

When smoked, nicotine is absorbed from the lungs into the pulmonary venous circulation. It then enters the arterial circulation and moves quickly to the brain. Once across the blood brain barrier, nicotine stimulates the release of dopamine, norepinephrine, GABA, glutamate, and endorphins, resulting in stimulation and pleasure and a reduction in stress and anxiety. These sensations fuel the brain’s reward circuit.

________ is a goal-directed and problem-focused therapy designed to help the person with ________ identify  negative thought patterns and inaccurate beliefs to learn new ways of coping and develop new ways of thinking.

Nicotine replacement drugs-sold as a gum , patch, spray, inhaler, or lozenge-mimic the nicotine effects of tobacco by binding to nicotine receptors in the CNS

____________antidepressant drug , increases level of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, mimicking the effects of nicotine. It is also has some neuronal nicotinic receptor-blocking activity, reducing reinforcement from the brain’s reward circuit.

__________ is a partial alpha-4-beta-2 receptor agonist that stimulates dopamine activty in the brain but not to the extent of nicotine, thereby reducing craving and withdrawal.

An antitussive that can be purchase without a prescription. Using DXM is known on the street as “robotripping” or “skittling”. When taken in  higher-than recommended amounts, users may experience euphoria, dissociative effects, or hallucination.

can result in relaxation and euphoria when taken in higher that recommended amounts; when combined with soda it is referred to as syrup, sizzurp, purple drank, Barre, or lean

Is synthetic agent used to treat conditions caused by low levels of testosterone in the body, such as delayed puberty, hypogonadism, and cachexia related to chronic disease drugs; used to enhance athletic and sexual performances and physical appearance in all age groups.