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Sulfonamide drug names?
- sulfasalazine(azulfidine)
- sulfisoxazole (gantrisin)
- trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole (bactrim, septra)
- silver sulfadiazine (silvadene)
-
sulfonamide drug action?
drug indication?
- BACTERIOSTATIC
- UTI, otitis media, ulcerative colitis (azulfidine), sever skin burn (silvadene)
-
sulfonamide drug adverse reactions?
and drug interactions?
skin rash, photosensitivity, ctystalluria, orange urine
decrease effect of digoxin, oral contraceptives, increase effect of coumadin
-
sulfonamide NI?
increase fluid to two L a day to avoid crystalluria, avoid sunlight, take all antibiotic
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Natural penicillins?
semisynthetic PCNs?
- (made from mold, narrow-spectrum)
- penicillin G (IM)
- penicillin V (PO)
- ampicillin (omnipen) IV, IM
- amoxicillin (amoxil) IM, IV, PO
-
penicillin drug action?
indications?
bactericidal
resp infections, syphilis, meningitis, osteomyelitis (bone infect), necrotizing fascitis, prevents endocarditis
-
penicillin adverse reactions?
hypersensitivity reactions; hives, itching, wheezing, anaphylactic shock
superinfections, diarrhea, oral thrush, vaginal infections, hematopoietic changes (decrease cell count)
-
Pencillin NI?
Never take with soda of fruit juice
parenteral PCN may come as a powder and you must dilute, give deep IM to avoid pain
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Cephalosporins (broad-spectrum, from fungus, chemically related to PCN) 1st gen ?
- cephalexin (keflex)
- cefazolin (ancef, kefzol)
best against; streptococcus, staphylococcus GM+
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2ond generation cephalosporins?
- cefaclor (ceclor)
- cefoxitin (mefoxin)
Best against; E. coli, klebsiella GM-
-
cephalosporin 3rd generation?
- cefoperazone (cefobid)
- ceftriaxone (rocephin)
- best against; goncoccus, enerobacter GM-
-
cephalosporin drug actions and indications?
- bactericidal
- treats; skin, bone, and joint infections, ear and resp infections, gonorrhea
-
cephalosporin drug contraindications?
adverse reactions?
if allergy to PCN probably allergic
hypersensitivity reactions, superinfections, hematopoietic changes, severe skin rash(stevens johnson syndrome)
-
cephalosprin drug interactions? and NI?
no alchol, may cause false positive test for urine glucose using clinitest
give deep IM, take entire antibiotic
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