MND.txt

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what is mixed UMN and LMN motor neurone disease also known as?

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
what is the name for pure UMN motoneurone disease?

primary lateral sclerosis?
what is the name for pure LMN motoneurone disease?

progressive muscular atrophy
which motoneuron is affected in pseudobulbar palsy?

UMN
which motoneuron is affected in bulbar palsy?

LMN
where does UMN originate and end?
- motor region of cerebral cortex ie PMC
- end: synapses in brainstem (corticobulbar tract) or spinal cord (corticospinal tract)
where is the cell body of LMN? where do LMN axons travel and then synapse?
- cell body: anterior horn of grey matter or CN nuclei
- axons: cranial /spinal nerves to the muscle fibre
- specialised synapse: NMJ
what is the differential diagnosis for any LMN lesion? eg wasting (6 marks)
- anterior horn cell
- root
- brachial plexus
- nerve
- NMJ
- muscle
is anterior horn cell part of LMN or UMN?

LMN
what are the 3 main primary diseases of motor neurones (ie anterior horn cell disease)?
- degeneration: MND, spinal muscular atrophy
- infection: poliomyelitis
give eg of spinal cord pathology that can affect anterior horn cells?
- vascular: infarction eg anterior spinal artery
- mechanical: syringomyelia, tumour
if you think there is a LMN sign eg muscle wasting, what 3 questions need to be asked to get to diagnosis?
- 1. numbness/tingling/pain? (sensory abnormalities)
- 2. distribition?
- 3. UMN signs?
if there IS numbness/tingling or pain, what does that rule out?

anterior horn/NMJ/myopathy
what is MND?

relentless degeneration of both UMN and LMNs
what is age of onset in MND?

late middle age: 50s
what is most common cause of death in MND?

respiratory failure or pneumonia (aspiration)
what % of MND is familial and which genetic abnormality?
- 10% familial
- superoxide dismutase
what 4 muscles/nervous parts does MND spare?
- extraocular muscles
- sphincters
- sensation
- cognition
which 2 treatable causes have to be excluded before diagnosing MND?
- cervical spondylosis
- pure motor neuropathy
if suspect MND, which 3 tests need to be done and why?
- 1. nerve conduction studies: exclude a neuropathy
- 2. EMG: confirm DENERVATION and show fasciculations in muscles not thought to be clinically affected
- 3. MRI/CT: exclude brain/bulbar/spinal cord pathology eg cervical spondylosis or cerebrovascular disease
what is rilozole? benefit?
- glutamate antagonist
- only prolongs life by 3-4 months but no proven effect on disability or QOL

Author

kavinashah

36252

Card Set

MND.txt

Description

Motoneuron disease

Updated

2010-09-21T13:29:56Z

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