INTRO TO PHARMA 1

3 Phases Of Drug When Drug Taken By Mouth Like Tablet Or Capsule:

is the first phase of drug action

____ and ____ are used in drug preparation to allow the drug to take on a particular size and shape and to enhance drug dissolution.

is the breakdown of a tablet into smaller particles

is the dissolving of the smaller particles in the GI fluid before absorption

What are the two pharmaceutic phases?

Drugs in ____ form are more rapidly available for GI absorption

drugs are both disintegrated and absorbed faster in acidic fluids with a pH of

drug absorption is generally ____ for those drugs absorbed primarily in the stomach

resist disintegration in the gastric acid of the stomach

_____ and _____ should not be crushed

True or False:
Food in the GI tract may interfere with the dissolution of certain drugs.

True False

What are the 4 processes of pharmacokinetic?

the movement of drug particles from the GI tract to body fluids by passive absorption, active absorption, or pinocytosis

What are the mechanisms of absorption?

Type of mechanism of absorption:
occurs mostly by diffusion (movement
from higher concentration to lower concentration)

Type of mechanism of absorption:
requires a carrier such as an enzyme or protein to move the drug against a concentration gradient. Energy is required for active absorption.

Type of mechanism of absorption:
is a process by which cells carry a drug across their membrane by engulfing the drug particles

Factors Affecting Drug Absorption

The process in which the drug passes to the liver first

It is the percentage of the administered drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation.

The percentage of bioavailability for the oral route is?

The percentage of bioavailability for the IV route is?

Oral drugs that have a high first-pass hepatic metabolism may have a bioavailability of?

Factors that alter bioavailability include:

increases the bioavailability of the drug and can cause an increase in drug concentration

can limit the bioavailability of the drug, thus causing a decrease in drug serum concentration

is the process by which the drug becomes available to body fluids and body tissues

Drug distribution is influenced by:

Volume of drug distribution (Vd) is dependent on ___ and its _____

As drugs are distributed in the plasma, many are bound to varying degrees (percentages) with protein (primarily albumin)

The portion of the drug that is bound is ___

the portion of the drug that remains unbound is ___.

Only ___ drugs (drugs not bound to protein) are active and can
cause a pharmacologic response.

As the free drug in the circulation decreases, more bound drug is
released from the protein to ____

True or False:
Abscesses, exudates, body glands, and tumors does not hinder drug distribution
True False

is a semipermeable membrane in the central nervous system (CNS) that protects the brain from foreign substances

True or False:
Highly lipid-soluble drugs are able to cross the blood-brain barrier
True False

True or False:
Drugs that are not bound to proteins and are not lipid soluble are able to cross the BBB

True or False:
During pregnancy, both lipid-soluble and lipid-insoluble drugs are able
to cross the placental barrier.
True False