Exhaustion occurs if stress continues when which stage of the general adaptation
syndrome is not successful?
B.
Which organ is stimulated during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome
(GAS)?
B.
During an anticipatory response to stress, the reaction from the limbic system is stimulated
by the:
C.
Which hormone prompts increased anxiety, vigilance, and arousal during a stress
response?
A.
Perceived stress elicits an emotional, anticipatory response that begins where?
B.
During a stress response, the helper T (Th) 1 response is suppress by which hormone?
D.
What is the effect that low-serum albumin has on the central stress response?
C.
Stress-age syndrome directly results in depressed function of which system?
D.
Stress-induced sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla causes the secretion of:
B.
Stress-induced norepinephrine results in:
D.
During stress, norepinephrine raises blood pressure by constricting peripheral vessels; it
dilates the pupils of the eye, causes piloerection, and increases sweat gland action in the
armpits and palms
Released stress-induced cortisol results in the stimulation of gluconeogenesis by affecting
which structure?
A.
What is the effect of increased secretions of epinephrine, glucagon, and growth hormone?
D.
Which hormone increases the formation of glucose from amino acids and free fatty acids?
C.
One of the primary effects of cortisol is the stimulation of gluconeogenesis or the
formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino or free fatty acids in
the liver
What effect do androgens have on lymphocytes?
B.
Which gland regulates the immune response and mediates the apparent effects of circadian
rhythms on immunity?
B.
Which cytokines initiate the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?
B.
The release of which cytokines is triggered by bacterial or viral infections, cancer, and
tissue injury that, in turn, initiate a stress response?
D.
The action of which hormone helps explain increases in affective anxiety and eating
disorders, mood cycles, and vulnerability to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in
women as a result of stimulation of the CRH gene promoter and central norepinephrine
system?
A.
What effect does estrogen have on lymphocytes?
C.
Which statement is true concerning the differences between stress-induced hormonal
alterations of men and women?
a. After injury, women produce more proinflammatory cytokines than men, a profile that is associated with poor outcomes.
b. Androgens appear to induce a greater degree of immune cell apoptosis after injury,
creating greater immunosuppression in injured men than in injured women.
c. Psychologic stress associated with some types of competition decreases both
testosterone and cortisol, especially in athletes older than 45 years of age.
d. After stressful stimuli, estrogen is increased in women, but testosterone is decreased in men.
B.
Diagnostic blood work on individuals who perceive themselves to be in a chronic stress
state will likely demonstrate:
B.
What are the signs that a patient is in the adaptive stage of the general adaptation
syndrome?
C.
A reduction is an individual’s number of natural killer (NK) cells appears to correlate with
an increased risk for the development of:
D.
The effect epinephrine has on the immune system during the stress response is to increase
which cells?
B.
Which immune cells are suppressed by the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?
D.
Direct suppressive effects of CRH have been reported on two immune cell types possessing CRH receptors—the monocyte and macrophage and CD4 (T helper)
lymphocytes.
The increased production of proinflammatory cytokines is associated with which
considerations? (Select all that apply.)
a. Chronic respiratory dysfunction
b. Elevated anxiety levels
c. Immune disorders
d. Age and gender
e. Dementia
ANS: B, C
Which statement is false regarding lymphocytes?
C.
The limbic system indirectly elicits the release of norepinephrine from the ______ _______
locus ceruleus (LC)
elevated levels of _________ and catecholamines can decrease innate immunity and increase autoimmune (adaptive) responses
glucocorticoids
________ mobilizes glucose, amino acids, lipids, and fatty acids and delivers them to the bloodstream