Theories Key Concepts and Interventions

Mindfulness

Distress Tolerance

Interpersonal Effectiveness

Emotion Regulation

Homework

Negative Cognitive Triad

Automatic Thoughts

Maladaptive Automatic Thoughts

Schemas

Overgeneralization

Arbitrary Inference

Selective Abstraction

Personalization

Polarized Thinking

Socratic Questioning

Reframing

Cognitive Restructuring

Self-Monitoring

Behavioral Experiments

Systematic Desensitization

Anxiety Management Training

Assertiveness Training

Behavioral Activation

Communication Skills Training

Downward Arrow

Exposure

Finding Alternatives

Labeling Distortions

Mastery/Pleasure Ratings

Opposite Action

Problem-Solving Training

Relaxation Training

Successive Approximation

Three-Column Technique

Thought Record

A – Activating Event

B – Beliefs

C – Consequence

Common Irrational Beliefs

Self-Acceptance

Other-Acceptance

Life-Acceptance

Congruence

Unconditional Positive Regard

Empathy

Self-Actualization

Locus of Control

Non-Directive Therapy

Phenomenological Method

Dialogical Relationship

Experiential

Here-and-Now Focus

Empty Chair Technique

Experiments

Body Techniques

Focus on the Process

All persons have the capacity for self-awareness.

As free beings, everyone must accept the responsibility that comes with freedom.

Each person has a unique identity that can only be known through relationships.

Each person must continually recreate themselves. The meaning of life and existence is never fixed; rather, it constantly changes.

Anxiety is part of the human condition.

Death is a basic human condition that gives significance to life.

Focus on moment-to-moment process rather than on explicit content.

Holding refers to a process of holding up the problem experience so it may be seen, remembered, and re-experienced by the client.

Empathic availability is a committed presence to the “other” and openness to the pain and potentials of the other even when such openness is difficult and unpleasant.

Telling, talking about, and naming emotional pain places the emotional experience into the world of mutual encounter, where the relationship between client and practitioner can be used to process the situation with increased support.

Mastering the emotional pain is a process of reflection and behavioral experimentation that helps a client discover unique healing activities that are useful in processing and defusing the problem situation.

Honoring the pain refers to the process of celebrating the meaning of potentials and opportunities in the problem situation that the client actualizes and makes real.

Battle for Structure

Battle for Initiative

Trial of Labor

Activating Constructive Anxiety

Play, Humor, and “Craziness”

Problem-Saturated Stories

Alternate Stories

Thick Story

Thin Story

Externalizing the Problem

Deconstructive Questions

Mapping the Influence

Unique Outcomes

Enlisting a Witness

Written Artifact

Invite the client to share their problem-saturated story

Ask questions designed to externalize the presenting problem

Map out the influence of the problem on the client’s life

Explore unique outcomes

Assist client in reauthoring their story

Enlist a witness to hear the client’s new story

Exception Questioning

Miracle Questioning

Scaling Questions

Presupposing Change

Coping Questions

Affirmations/Compliments

Past Influences the Present

Underlying Conflicts

Defense Mechanisms

Transference

Countertransference

Interpretation

Establish a holding environment for the client and the opportunity to develop a secure

Observe and reflect the ways in which a client projects previous object relationships into therapeutic interactions (projections).

The therapist points out to the client patterns of distortion and manipulation used to establish and maintain relationships.

Avoid being pulled into the client’s maladaptive patterns (countertransference).

Identify and resolve the underlying causes of internal and relational conflict.

Interpret transference.

Objects

Internalization

Self- and Object-Representations

Ego

Splitting

Projection

Projective Identification

Introjection

Self-Objects

Self-Object Needs

Mirroring

Optimal Frustration

Mirroring Transference

Twinship Transference

Idealizing Transference

Adversarial Transference

Experience-Near Empathy

Attachment Behavior System

Secure Attachment

Preoccupied/Anxious Attachment

Dismissive/Avoidant Attachment

Fearful/Avoidant Attachment

Triangles

Differentiation of Self

Nuclear Family Emotional System

Family Projection Process

Multigenerational Transmission Process

Emotional Cutoff

Genogram

Reduce emotional reactivity by having family members talk to the therapist.

Reframing

Genogram

De-triangulation

Increasing Differentiation

Teaching “I” Statements

Opening Cutoff Relationships

Interacts with Family

Models

Bibliotherapy

Homeostasis

Feedback Loops

Negative Feedback (attenuating)

Positive Feedback (amplifying)

Calibration

Wholeness

Equifinality

Equipotentiality

First Order Change

Second Order Change

Nonsummativity

Boundaries

Observe the feedback loops that occur within a family system.

Explore the family’s:

Reframe presenting issues as system issues rather than pathologizing one person’s

Explore each family member's role in dysfunctional interactions.

Challenge the communication that occurs within the system.

Paradoxical Directives

Positioning

Homework

Prescribing the Symptom

Restraining

Ordeals

Alliances

Coalitions

Power Hierarchy

Subsystems

Family Map

Disengaged Boundaries

Enmeshed Boundaries

Joining

Tracking

Mimesis

Unbalancing

Reframe

Enactment

Boundary Making

Incongruent Communication

Styles of Communication

Placater

Blamer

Computer

Distracter

Leveler

Modeling Communication

Family Life Chronology

Family Sculpting

Take Responsibility

Metaphors and Storytelling

Transforming Rules