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Micro Vocab Chap 8
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mutation
any changes in the nitogenous base sequence of DNA
genetic recombination
the process of joining pieces of DNA from different sources
transformation
the process in which genes are transferred form one bacterium to another as "naked" DNA in solution
competence
the physiological state in which a recipient cell can take and incorporate a large piece of donor DNA
conjugation
the transfer of genetic material from one cell to another involving cell-to-cell contact
transduction
the transfer of DNA from one cell to another by bacteriophage
bacteriophage
a virus that infects bacterial cells (also known as a phage)
genes
a segment of DNA (a sequence of nucleotides in DNA) encoding a functional product
DNA polymerase
enzyme that synthesizes DNA by copying a DNA template
semiconservative replication
the process of DNA replication in which each double-stranded DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand
transcription
the process of synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template
messenger RNA (mRNA)
the type of RNA molecule that directs the incorporation of amino acids into proteins
promoter
the starting site on a DNA strand for transcription of RNA by RNA polymerase
terminator
the site on a DNA strand at which transcription ends
codons
a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies the insertion of an amino acid into a polypeptide
degeneracy
redundancy of the genetic code; that is, most amino acids are encoded by several codons
sense codons
a codon that codes for an amino acid
nonsense codons (stop codons)
a codon that does not encode any amino acid
transfer RNA (tRNA)
the type of RNA molecule that brings amino acids to the ribosomal site where they are incorporated into proteins
anticodon
the three nucleotides by which a tRNA recognizes an mRNA codon
base pairs
the arrangement of nitogenous bases in nucleic acids based on hydrogen bonding; in DNA base pairs are A-T and G-C; in RNA base pairs are A-U and G-C
Author
theshackfam
ID
36226
Card Set
Micro Vocab Chap 8
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Micro Vocab Chap 8
Updated
2010-09-21T05:26:40Z
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