Micro Vocab Chap 8

any changes in the nitogenous base sequence of DNA

the process of joining pieces of DNA from different sources

the process in which genes are transferred form one bacterium to another as "naked" DNA in solution

the physiological state in which a recipient cell can take and incorporate a large piece of donor DNA

the transfer of genetic material from one cell to another involving cell-to-cell contact

the transfer of DNA from one cell to another by bacteriophage

a virus that infects bacterial cells (also known as a phage)

a segment of DNA (a sequence of nucleotides in DNA) encoding a functional product

enzyme that synthesizes DNA by copying a DNA template

the process of DNA replication in which each double-stranded DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand

the process of synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template

the type of RNA molecule that directs the incorporation of amino acids into proteins

the starting site on a DNA strand for transcription of RNA by RNA polymerase

the site on a DNA strand at which transcription ends

a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies the insertion of an amino acid into a polypeptide

redundancy of the genetic code; that is, most amino acids are encoded by several codons

a codon that codes for an amino acid

a codon that does not encode any amino acid

the type of RNA molecule that brings amino acids to the ribosomal site where they are incorporated into proteins

the three nucleotides by which a tRNA recognizes an mRNA codon

the arrangement of nitogenous bases in nucleic acids based on hydrogen bonding; in DNA base pairs are A-T and G-C; in RNA base pairs are A-U and G-C