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Defines peace as the absence of war/direct violence;
Absence of death and destruction as a result of war and/or violence
Hugo Grotius
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______________ defined peace as a condition of more or less lasting suspension of violent modes of rivalry between political units
Raymond Aron (1966)
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Violence is not only in the forms of direct (physical) but as well as to _____________ violence
indirect/structural
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__________ argues that structural violence occurs when the wealth of affluent nations, groups and individuals is based on the labor and the essential sources drawn from nations, groups and individuals who, as a consequence, are required to live diminished lives of deprivation.
Johan Galtung
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Peace is not simply a lack of war or nonviolence; peace means ________________.
eradication of all facets of injustice
-
Johan Galtung elaborates on defining peace not only in the absence of personal/direct violence but as well as the _________________.
presence of social justice
-
the absence of violence or fear of violence
Negative Peace
-
the attitudes, institutions and structures that create and sustain peaceful societies
Positive Peace
-
8 dimensions/pillars of positive peace
WEFGLASH
- -Well functioning government
- -Equitable distribution of resources
- -Free flow of information
- -Good relations with neighbours
- -Low levels of corruption
- -Acceptance of the rights of others
- -Sound business environment
- -High levels of human capital
-
___________ is considered the foundation for positive peace
Peace with nature
-
The earth is the ultimate source of __________, ________, ________, and __________.
survival, physical sustenance, health, wealth
-
____________ is intimately related to the availability of basic resources. When a shortage of resources threatens life, rivalry for resources can lead to aggression and violent conflict.
Human behavior
-
Betty Reardon defines violence as _______________.
humanly inflicted harm
-
Forms of violence
- -physical or direct violence
- -structural violence
-
___________ notes that direct violence can be categorized as organized and unorganized.
Birgit Brock-Utne
-
This category of violence refers to war (occurs between states or within a state)
Organized violence
-
This category of violence refers to wife battering, rape, child abuse, street crime.
Unorganized violence
-
shorten life span or reduce quality of life, economic structures that lead to unequal access, repression of freedom and choice and repression of one’s fulfillment
Indirect violence
-
Based on the conceptual map formulated by Toh Swee-Hin and Virginia Cawagas, what are the different forms of violence?
- Direct/Physical
- Structural/Economic, Political
- Socio-cultural/Psychological
- Ecological
-
Based on the conceptual map formulated by Toh Swee-Hin and Virginia Cawagas, what are the levels of violence?
- Personal
- Interpersonal Community
- National
- Global
-
Levels of Peace
- Personal Peace
- Interpersonal Peace
- Intergroup/Social Peace
- Global Peace
- Peace between Humans and the Earth and Beyond
-
The _________________________ was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1999.
declaration of the culture of peace
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A ____________ is a set of values, attitudes, traditions, modes of behavior and ways of life that reflect and inspire respect for life and for all human rights, among others.
culture of peace
-
Foundation of a peace culture
Personal and family integrity are protected and promoted.
-
Roots of peace
REDFsquared
- -Respect for human dignity
- -Economic equity
- -Democratic participation
- -Fundamental freedoms
- -Fulfillment of basic needs
-
The Philippine Framework Toward a Culture of Peace is according to ______________________.
Archbishop Antonio J. Ledesma
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What are the 6 dimensions and Operative Values in Archbishop Ledesma's framework?
PHPIDE
- Personal and Family Integrity - Spirituality
- Human Rights and Democracy - Justice
- Poverty Eradication - Compassion
- Intercultural Understanding and Solidarity - Dialogue
- Disarmament and Cessation of Hostilities - Active Non-Violence
- Environment Protection - Stewardship
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