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A phrasal verb consists of a ... and one or two ... (adverbs or prepositions).
A phrasal verb consists of a base verb and one or two particles (adverbs or prepositions).
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Jakou funkci ve frázových slovesech mají particles?
- 1) Some particles extend the meaning of the base verb:
- Eat up your supper. 'Up' here adds the idea of eating all of something.
- 2) Some particles create a new meaning, but still with a connection to the base verb:
- Lets eat in this evening. = eat at home this evening.
- 3) Some particles change the meaning of the base verb from literal to figurative:
- These big bills are eating into my savings. = using up my money.
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Jaký je rozdíl mezi in/tranzitivním frázovým slovesem?
- intransitive = they don't take an object
- We got up early to watch the sun come up. = rise.
- transitive = take an object.
- Transitive phrasal verbs are of two types:
- 1)separable phrasal verbs, the object can usually go before or after the particle
- 2)inseparable phrasal verbs, the object must go after the particle.
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U většiny transitivní separativních frázových sloves, může být objekt buď na konci, nebo mezi slovesem a "předložkou.
Don't tear up the letter.
I don't tear the letter up.
= destroy it by tearing it to pieces.
Ale existují výjimky, jaké? (obecně)
- 1) if the object is a pronoun, it must go between the verb and particle:
- Don't tear it up. (NOT Don't tear up it.)
- 2) There are also a small number of phrasal verbs where the object always goes before the particle:
- I showed the students around the school. (NOT I showed around the students.)
- 3) There are also a small number of phrasal verbs where the object always goes after the verb and particle:He took against Sam after that. = started to dislike Sam. (NOT He took Sam against.)
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With some phrasal verbs, a difference in grammatical structure indicates a difference in meaning.
- put down
- put sth down
- put yourself/sb down
- put sb / sb's name down for sth
- put sth down to sth
Jaký je mezi těmito slovesy významový rozdíl?
- put down
- = land
- The plane put down in a field.
- put sth down
- = 1) write sth, especially a name or number, on a piece of paper or a list.
- I´ll put your number down here
- = 2) (usually passive) kill an old or sick animal with a drug.
- The cat had to be put down
- = 3) to stop or limit an opposing political event or group
- Police used tear gas to put the riot down
- put yourself/sb down
- = criticize yourself or sb else in front of other people.
- Don't put yourself down so much!
- put sb / sb's name down for sth
- = write sb's name on a list so that they can take part in sth
- I put my name down for the day trip to the seaside.
- put sth down to sth
- =
believe sth is caused by sth - I put her anger down to stress.
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Proč jsi mě musel přede všemi takhle shazovat?
Why did you have to put me down in front of everybody like that?
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Pokud si kůň zlomí nohu, musí být obvykle utracen.
If a horse breaks its leg, it usually has to be put down.
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Myslím, že ho k tomu navedli jeho přátelé.
I think he was put up to it by his friends.
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Co znamená: put sb up to sth
- = encourage or persuade sb to do sth wrong or stupid.
- = navést někoho do něčeho; přinutit
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She's usually very good; Danny must have put her ... it.
She's usually very good; Danny must have put her up to it.
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Nikdy předtím nic neukradla - možná ji k tomu navedli kamarádi.
She never stole anything before – maybe her friends put her up to it.
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Snažil jsem se jí rezignaci rozmluvit, ale šla do toho.
I tried to talk her out of resigning, but she went ahead.
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co znamená: talk someone into something
= to persuade someone to do something; přemluvit
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Je proti (té myšlence), ale myslím, že ho přemluvím.
He's against the idea, but I think I can talk him into it.
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I tried to talk her ... ordering ice cream.
I tried to talk her into/out of ordering ice cream.
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co znamená: talk someone out of (doing) something
= persuade sb not to do sth; vymluvit
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Rodiče se jí snažili zasnoubení rozmluvit.
Her parents tried to talk her out of getting engaged.
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Mohu se spolehnout, že mi rodiče pomohou.
(se svými rodiči mohu počítat)
I can count on my parents TO help me.
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I'm counting ... you ... help us
I'm counting ON you TO help us
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We need to work ... the total cost of the project.
We need to work out the total cost of the project.
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(phrasal verb)
= to do a calculation to get an answer to a mathematical question
Can you ... how much each card cost?
I need to ... how much tax I will have to pay.
- Can you work out how much each card cost?
- I need to work out how much tax I will have to pay.
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Když jsme si spočítali/zjistili, kolik nás provoz auta stojí, rozhodli jsme se ho prodat.
When we worked out how much it cost us to run a car, we decided to sell it.
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Nemohu přijít na to, co to znamená.
I can't work out what this means.
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