PSYCHOLOGY SEM 2 BIAS

Cognitive bias is the subconscious systematic errors (consistent mistakes) that occur in our decision-making and it occurs when we attempt to simplify information we are processing, especially if we need to interpret it quickly

Cognitive dissonance is discomfort experienced when our behaviours do not align with our attitudes or perception of ourselves.

Tendency to rely on the first piece of information offered (the ‘anchor’) when making decisions

Tendency to focus on particular stimuli while overlooking or ignoring other relevant pieces of information

• Confirmation bias is when a person focuses on and favours information that supports them while ignoring contradictory information or views
• basically ignoring everything else no matter the evidence as long as there is at least one thing that supports your view

False consensus bias is the tendency of people to believe that their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours are more common than it is

When the positive evaluation we hold about one quality of a person influences our beliefs and expectations regarding other qualities of that person.

Halo effect is when we believe people are better depending on how good looking they are and such

When a person believes an outcome to have been more predictable than they did before it occurred

Occurs when a person demonstrates poor recall of events following exposure to additional information after the event took place

Our inclination to overestimate our likelihood of experiencing positive events and underestimate our likelihood of experiencing negative events.

A tendency for a person to attribute a positive outcome to internal (dispositional) factors, yet attribute negative outcomes to external (situational) factors

Occurs when people with low ability at a task overestimate their own skill set, and people with high ability at a task underestimate their own skill set